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Do you need to train sketch to draw Chinese painting? What is the current situation of sketch art and sketch education in China? Reporter The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) visited experts from major art institutions and art colleges in Shanghai to discuss this topic from various aspects such as Chinese painting, oil painting, printmaking and sculpture.

Zhang Peicheng (Vice Chairman of Shanghai Artists Association):

If Chinese painting wants to draw lessons from sketch, it must be cut in the way of Chinese painting.

Do you need to train sketch to draw Chinese painting? This issue has been controversial for a long time.

Everyone has a different understanding of the connotation and extension of sketch. Personally, I think that no matter oil painting, Chinese painting, printmaking or even abstract art, they are all in modeling. If sketch is a convenient way to solve modeling problems, it should still be necessary to learn sketch. Of course, there was no concept of sketch in ancient China, but the line drawing at that time was also a kind of sketch to some extent.

Sketch is actually a kind of judgment on modeling. This is the ability to feel the object.I think this ability to feel is very important for an artist. For example, when he sees a person, a scene or a bottle, he will feel and have the impulse to express himself. If this sensibility is innate, it is also necessary to tap this potential through sketch training. Of course, there are different ways of sketching, such as passively simulating nature and actively expressing objects. In fact, Chinese painting is adapted to the latter.

Western sketch also solves the problem of space. Stereo and perspective are basic skills in oil painting. For Chinese painting, the picture is flat. Even if we want to draw more realistic Chinese painting now, this space is different from oil painting. So,If we want to learn sketch in Chinese painting, its emphasis must be different from that in western painting. Otherwise, it will bring many negative effects.

In fact, among some Chinese painters older than me, some are very successful artists, but they still encounter bottlenecks. The reason is that too many western sketches were instilled in those years, and this influence is hard to get rid of, and problems arise when they are expressed with brush and ink lines of Chinese paintings. This kind of sketch training has become a shackle, which makes the performance of Chinese painting very free. From this perspective, sketch and Chinese painting are two systems. Especially for painters who paint landscapes, flowers and birds, it is absolutely impossible to use this sketching method to train, and they can’t paint plaster like western painting, and they can even not sketch.

But from a broad perspective, the sketch of Chinese painting can be trained in another way. For example, China’s drawing characters requires strong modeling ability, so modeling training is essential. The expression of Chinese painting is written, which requires the painter to express what he wants to express in one go very skillfully. If he hesitates a little in modeling and the pen stops, his writing will be greatly affected, and his breath will be "broken" immediately. However, the modeling training of Chinese painting should not draw long-term homework, otherwise it will damage the artistic expression.

Zhang Peicheng’s sketch works

In addition, the drawing method of Chinese painting sketch should also abandon the method of completely simulating the object and drawing in an orderly way. In today’s era, we should also encourage the diversity of modeling, draw our own feelings and create freely. I think this is more in line with the requirements of art.

In fact, in ancient times, although we didn’t learn sketch in the western sense, we also learned modeling by studying mustard seed garden and earlier pastels. For example, painting flowers requires a very good understanding of the structure of flowers. Take Qi Baishi as an example. He has never drawn a western sketch, but he knows the structure of the object very well. I remember once reading a document that Qi Baishi wanted to draw a duck. He carefully studied what the other paw was like when the duck landed on the ground, and he knew it clearly.Strictly speaking, we can also understand his process of figuring it out as a kind of sketch, because he is not only figuring it out in his mind, but also showing it in writing, so this is actually a study of modeling.Therefore, for Chinese painting, the training of sketch should have its own set of methods, instead of being "led by the nose" by the object, it should not be too realistic, but should capture more meaningful shapes.

Qi Baishi’s Works (Partial)

Teachers should always inspire students’ feelings about art. If everyone has their own unique interests, they can find themselves, and our art world will be rich and colorful. Although it’s hard to do. Of course, it is also necessary for traditional learning. Otherwise, this culture will not be handed down.

Traditional Chinese painting teachers used to teach students the modeling of objects and a program when teaching. Students know what peony looks like, how many painting methods there are, and the unique formal language of Chinese painting, that is, the program of painting. I think there are advantages to this, but there are also shortcomings, that is, unless students of Chinese painting have special talents, they can leave their teachers and draw peony and bamboo that are different from their teachers, otherwise they will easily fall into a stylized mode.

In fact, creation should go out and face nature directly, and sketching is very important. Of course, subjective things can be completely integrated into one’s heart. I have seen Mr. Zhu Qizhan’s sketches, and he hooked a house with a small notebook and pen, and so on. Many things are in his heart.

I can say that people who paint bamboo now rarely go out to see real bamboo, but only from the program, so people all over the country may paint the same bamboo. The program created by our ancients was summed up against real bamboo.If we have the ability to sketch today, we can also create a new program for today’s bamboo-this program is different from the ancients, but it is connected with the roots of our national culture. And this requires the ability to shape objects.

Just after the Cultural Revolution, the Ministry of Education had a big discussion about whether Chinese painting should be sketched. Is sketch the basis of Chinese painting? I think it is definitely wrong to say that "sketch is the basis of Chinese painting". But the modeling ability of sketch can be used for reference by Chinese painting. And this kind of reference should be cut in the way of sketching in traditional Chinese painting. In my opinion, students of Chinese painting can draw with a brush when they are in sketch class. For example, painting plaster Voltaire, you can draw it like him or not, but it has a lot of brush strokes in it. In this way, the bondage of western-style sketch to Chinese painting can be greatly reduced.

Jiang Jianzhong (Director of Oil Painting Department of Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts, Ph.D.):

Sketch is a "buffet", and you can find yourself only by choosing it individually.

At present, the art scene in China is surging, but the concept of sketch teaching has lagged behind. At present, the meaning of sketch understood by the oil painting major in the Academy of Fine Arts in class is still the second-hand pirated mode of the former Soviet Union, and sketch is already a kind of "stereotyped writing" and a dogma; Placed in the background of the times, it is like salted fish in the refrigerator.

Sketch is like a swamp on the road to the other shore. If the sketch foundation is poor, the picture will be weak. However, for a long time, most of the students in domestic colleges walked into this muddy swamp, but it was difficult to extricate themselves. In the Academy of Fine Arts, sketch classes are met every day, but how to draw sketches today? Most people have not thought about it, but still follow the sketch dogma, and students learn passively. Students only know how to grind a sketch very delicately, but they don’t know how to capture features, how to shape, and how sketch is a way to recognize things. They only use models as props to sketch, which has no vitality and soul.

Students don’t know what to achieve through the rules while learning the rules of sketching.Most students enter the Academy of Fine Arts because they love painting. In the cultural class, they can’t help but smear some strokes on the textbooks and sketch some naive but vivid characters. But when they entered the classroom and faced the models, those imaginations were gone. They are lost in the baggage of "Soviet-style" sketches, and their eyes are blocked by countless blocks, tones, methods and laws, which create obstacles. Every stroke of his works is to embody these laws, but as for the vivid characteristics of the objects and his own feelings, he is numb.I think many people have this experience. When parents feed their children hard every day, the effect is often counterproductive, and the result is anorexia.

In the mode of passive education, there will also be a freak. The more students master the traditional plaster skills, the less they want to create after graduation. In our country, the sketch of college entrance examination is more exam-oriented education, and there are very few personalized things. This "publicity" criterion is very practical for knocking on the door of university, but after entering university, this sketch is unfavorable for a student to become an artist. Students should look for a "private" sketch road from their own hearts and feelings, not too much "publicity". In my opinion, students majoring in oil painting should advocate short-term homework and sketching, and train their eyes’ sharpness and modeling generalization. Capture the most vivid things in the most concise way. In fact, the growth path of ancient western masters is more about drawing short-term homework.

In fact, tradition is dynamic, and you need to "find" tradition according to your own needs.The history of eastern and western art is so long and rich, can you swallow it all? If you can’t digest it, it will be of little value to you. You can only choose the food suitable for your gastrointestinal structure by buffet. If Van Gogh goes to learn from Angel, then Van Gogh does not exist. When you discover and "digest" those "traditions", you will experience the mystery of "transformational creation" and you will gradually discover yourself.

The training of sketch is not only realized by sketching or simulating objects; More importantly, according to one’s hobbies, nature and times, one should constantly absorb and revise the history of art in terms of concepts, expression techniques and modeling, and borrow the experience of predecessors in sketching and implant it into reality.

Jiang Jianzhong’s sketch works

Due to historical reasons, many successful artists found themselves in the oil paintings of western masters after the "reform and opening up", not in sketches. Therefore, most people are more accustomed to thinking and expressing their ideas directly with oil painting materials and tools on canvas, and rarely think or explain their personal artistic views in the form of sketches. Sketch is only regarded as basic training, not an independent art. Many people completely separate creation from sketching. When sketching, it is a mode of thinking, and when creating, it is a set of mode of thinking, which sets them against each other. However, the works of such painters are hard to go far.

Therefore, sketching has been a long time for some artists, just like a student’s exam. After that, he can’t wait to dump his textbook. great escape doesn’t want to look back. Sketch belongs to a position that is hardly even marginal in China.In fact, for artists, sketch is still very important, and it is the artist’s artistic position. Sometimes the record of sketch is more appropriate, natural, simple and convenient. Sketch is an artistic note, an artist’s psychological trajectory and behavior, a front stop of creation, a part of creation and creation itself!What kind of sketch there is, what kind of oil painting there is. Such examples abound in history, such as Van Gogh, Angel, Egon Schiele, Freud and so on.

It is urgent to find your own thinking point and cultivate independent thinking ability, starting from yourself! Please choose your favorite painting style in stages from the huge menu of art history, and look for excitement! Especially when I was a student,We should constantly replace the slippers of masters, wander between art history and objects, and look for interfaces between life and history, and between modernity and tradition. Don’t put basic training in opposition to creation, there should be creative elements in basic training.Maybe this should start at the same time as the first day of laying the foundation!

By the way, in contemporary times, the modeling training of oil painting major and Chinese painting major is facing a common problem. If sketch is regarded as methodology, its meaning will be very broad. In fact, all ethnic groups in the world have their own modeling methods and uniqueness in understanding the world, but they are marginalized.

The difference between China’s traditional modeling concept and the West is that Chinese’s sculpture concept follows the painting, and the clothing lines are completely flat lines, paying attention to density, accessibility, smoothness and implication, and pursuing plane. Western painting follows the sculpture, paying attention to light and shadow, space and strength, and pursuing volume. It is for this reason that beginners advocate painting plaster statues.

Perhaps the world has always been diverse, but for various reasons, we have forgotten our traditions. Interestingly, the concept of Chinese painting specialty has appeared the thinking phenomenon of western sketch, while the west is close to the planarization of the East. In the formation of her culture, a nation is still choosing something suitable for its national development, and is always in the process of absorption, exclusion and integration. Choosing and teaching students how to find food is the most important thing.

The development of western aesthetics basically follows the development of science.The traditional concept of sketch is the result of westerners’ understanding and grasping of the natural world. However, after the popularization of photography technology, the concept of sketching to reproduce nature has been in crisis … If the history of China since the 19th century is a response to the West, can the present era finally be regarded as "the response of the West to the East"?If we bypass the strange circle of cultural opposition between the East and the West, it is possible not to fall into other people’s cultural nests or our own nests. Perhaps, what we have to do is to stand on our own soil, trace back and sort out the cultural traditions of the East and the West from our personal perspective, and integrate them to generate ourselves.

Lu Zhiping (Deputy Director of Print Art Committee of China Artists Association):

Activate the "Eighteen Martial Arts" of Sketch, and enlighten diverse and diverse creations.

The idea of sketch originated in the west. butIf sketch refers to all monochromatic paintings, then in a broad sense, the method of sketching lines with a brush in ancient China can actually be regarded as a sketch.. Even now, some people think that ink painting is a form of sketch, but it was not called that at that time. In fact, most of the early artistic creations in the world are expressed in monochrome, such as rock paintings, rubbings and so on.

Sketch is beneficial to the introduction and development of all plastic arts. For printmaking, for a long period of history, it is mainly monochrome, such as early black and white woodcuts, copperplate prints, lithographs, etc., so printmaking and sketch have a special origin. Sketch should be regarded as an important support for printmaking.

In the field of teaching, how to understand and deal with the relationship between sketch education and printmaking has always been an important topic.Before and after the "Cultural Revolution", in order to make basic teaching connect with printmaking (especially black and white woodcut) more quickly, some domestic art colleges specially designed a set of sketch teaching system at that time. They trained sketch not from light and shade, but more from structure and block. This is a special sketch specially designed for printmaking teaching.

This idea was reasonable at that time, and it was quite effective in promoting the development of printmaking at one stage. But from now on, everything has advantages and disadvantages.At that time, the basis of sketch teaching was: printmaking should have a fixed pattern-large area, big black and white, and sketch served this fixed pattern. However, when the country was opened, it was found that in fact, the forms of printmaking were various.For example, some copperplate paintings pay special attention to light and shadow, while some prints emphasize line texture and sense of form. And different sketches may inspire artists to create different styles of printmaking works, so that printmaking presents a richer look. In this way, it is one-sided to set a fixed routine for a sketch to correspond to a print from the beginning.

Lu Zhiping’s print "The Old Man"

In fact, it is the same in the creation of Chinese painting. For example, if you set the Chinese painting to use lines at the beginning, you emphasize that students should use line drawing more often, but later you find that Chinese painting can also be splashed with ink and boneless, and there are many other methods. The training method of setting the box at the beginning may become a constraint for students. On the contrary, if students are encouraged to try a variety of sketches at the beginning, they will have a broader vision no matter what kind of artistic creation they are engaged in in in the future. From this point of view, sketch is not only a means to teach students to draw, but also a training of observation method and thinking mode. Isn’t creativity advocated in all fields now? Then I think sketch can be used as a way to break through the original frame. It may be more meaningful and reasonable to practice sketch in this way.

As for the sketch examination method widely criticized in college enrollment, I think it is caused by the accumulated disadvantages in the whole education field for many years, which is completely utilitarian. Let the teacher set a model to facilitate grading and admission, and less consideration is given to whether it is beneficial to students’ future growth. Many students like me can be said to be "victims" of this educational system. Because in many cases, our print creation does not advocate to describe the object in front of us truthfully, but emphasizes creativity, so many students feel at a loss and have no direction after they arrive.

We try to let the students learn to change their original thinking that relies on describing objects by observing, summarizing, choosing, imagining, mutating and creating, and let them gradually reverse their thinking mode by using abstract methods, imaginative methods and design methods.

For example, when training students to practice composition, I will ask them: Can ten different pictures be constructed from the same theme? For example, can the same three apples be placed in a variety of ways? Can black-and-white relations be handled differently? This forces them to open their minds. When their composition is finished, I say that at this time, you can choose the one you think is the best. In fact, as long as the mind is open, the hand will keep up. Sketch and composition training are both a form of sketch, which is not only a creative means, but also a support for thinking. The later draft may not be exactly the same as the sketch composition, but it doesn’t matter. The creator can see more lines and possibilities from behind one of the lines, thus getting rid of the dependence on the object.

Of course, I think it’s beneficial to know and try any kind of sketch form, including the plaster statues widely criticized in college enrollment. In fact, there is nothing wrong with learning how to push the work deeper. The problem is that it is wrong to regard such a sketch form as the only golden rule. I think it would be great if we could master the Soviet-style rigorous observation method and step-by-step molding method, and at the same time jump out of it.

I have received this Soviet-style education before. My teacher at that time told me, "After three years, five years and ten years, you will probably realize the effect of this long-term homework on you." Now I have a deep understanding,The value of long-term sketch is not to restore the object realistically, but to let me learn to observe carefully and comprehensively;Learn to make careful and rigorous trade-offs; Learning the expression of full and proper layer-by-layer promotion can also be used to study and explore a variety of expression techniques. This is the training of ability, thinking and mentality.

In plastic arts, printmaking may be a kind of painting with particularly rich styles and techniques, so the corresponding sketch forms should also be varied. For example, there is a technique called "Merutin" in copperplate prints, which pursues rich and subtle color changes, unlike black and white woodcuts. For this printmaking technique, the Soviet-style long-term sketching work will come in handy. Eighteen kinds of martial arts have their own merits, depending on who they are suitable for and on what occasion.

Some students or schools in the west don’t attach importance to sketching and can’t draw, which should not be the object we must follow.Of course, their training methods that attach importance to thinking also have some merits, but this does not mean that "being good at hands" is wrong. Now western painting is also returning, and it is normal to go astray for a period of time, and some overcorrection is also normal. As for us, there is no need to change our minds and follow the trend, as if everyone can’t draw is the "right way", which is completely unnecessary.

Yang Jianping (Vice President of Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts, Professor of Sculpture Department, Doctoral Supervisor):

At present, sketch teaching is like smog, which is a "syndrome"

Sketch, as its name implies, is a way to describe an image in a simple and simple way. Historically, sketch and sculpture are closely related.For sculptors, sketching is a basic training, but also a way to record ideas and creative inspiration. Many sculptors leave a lot of manuscripts besides three-dimensional sculptures, such as Michelangelo and Rodin.

Michelangelo sketch

Relatively speaking, China’s traditional sculptures and paintings are different from western classical realistic styles and methods. It has unique artistic modeling styles and creative methods handed down from ancestors.The ancient sculptures in China have their own strict styles. Through the description of pastels and the dictation of written data, for example, the opening of a Buddha statue has very specific data, all of which have statutes.The East emphasizes inheritance rather than innovation, but these shapes are unique. Therefore, sketch, as a basic practice or recording creation method, has many forms in a broad sense.

Sculpture itself, due to the different cultures, materials and concepts between the East and the West, finally presents a very diversified style, even in a conceptual and installation way. As a sketch teaching, we should also keep up. Otherwise, you just train every student to draw concrete, but in the end, many people actually don’t do concrete at all. It’s not that the "academic" sketch we are learning now has no merit, but at least it’s not good for all of us to do it. There should be a distinction. For those students who insist on figuration, let them study the traditional realistic sketch well. Other students can learn from it, but there is no need to spend too much class time on it. Different students should have different training emphases.

There are various ways to sketch, for example, Bauhaus’s sketch training method is to draw structural relations. Look at the traditional masters, such as Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Holbein and Diu Lei. Those lines are beautiful and expressive. We should oppose dogma and have active thoughts and critical spirit.

Yang Jianping’s work "Jing Zhe"

Our generation learned to sketch, and they danced all the way in "red dancing shoes" and enjoyed it. We visited a place, took out a sketch book and recorded it. It was very enjoyable to start painting, and a painting took half a day. But today’s young people are different. They are willing to take out their mobile phones to take a photo and make a video, which saves time and effort. Their current inspection is more about experience, with a faster pace and more things to see. In the Internet age, such a change is sometimes understandable, but it also raises a question: What kind of basic training do we need and what kind of sketch do we want to draw? Since the birth of photography, it has been an impact on documentary painting, and the artistic expression after that is more of an idea. Do all our students still draw the same sketches like photos? There must be something wrong with this.

We usually say that the master sketches well. In fact, Leonardo da Vinci was not only a painter, but also a naturalist, a scientist and thinker. Now we always say that we should learn from the lines of masters, but people are comprehensive. A person is an artist because he is capable and thoughtful, so he can paint well.The sentence in the allusion of my skillful solution to the cow "I am in a good mood, and I am also a Taoist;" It’s very reasonable to enter the skill. Now people have to "skill" instead of "Tao", putting the cart before the horse.

This also has a lot to do with our current college entrance examination system. It is these patterned sketches that students learn all day for the exam, and they don’t know what to do after entering the university. Some people think that’s how sketches should be drawn. So the students who come in are the students the teacher wants? But if you don’t want it, who can you want? China, with such a large population, how can we get into universities without this method? The sketch of the college entrance examination is indeed widely criticized now, but it is not that simple to reform it.

The existing problems in art education are actually a "syndrome", which is related to the national conditions in China, just like the smog in China. You said that students only know how to paint plaster, and you can’t blame them. They lacked aesthetic education since childhood. On the other hand, after graduation, students in China need to find jobs for their survival and family expectations, so what they have learned has to be "practical".To some extent, the Academy of Fine Arts does not train artists in China, but solves the problem of social employment.

The syllabus clearly says "sketch head" and "still life". You must take this course even if you don’t approve it. Comparatively speaking, the postgraduate stage is relatively flexible. In a word, a series of problems such as national conditions, education system, teachers and even ideology make the teaching reform difficult.

(This series of articles was compiled by Jiang Cen according to interviews)

China’s trade went global. From 1757 to 1842, the 13th Canton was the only "special zone" for the Qing government to trade with Europe and the United States, which made the city retain its memory and make people remember its homesickness. Guangzhou is a famous cultural city with a history of more than 2,000 years. Every street and lane has a long story, and every brick and tile has a meaningful memory. Today, Xiaobian will appreciate the heavy memory of this city with you, appreciate the spirit tradition of tolerance and openness for more than 2,000 years, and appreciate the endless literary context; Together with you, under the illumination of history, we can understand today and Guangzhou, thus strengthening our cultural self-confidence. In 1757, with the promulgation of the imperial edict on foreign trade in which Qianlong only left Guangdong Customs, the foreign trade of the Qing Dynasty was locked in the thirteenth line of Guangzhou. As the only exchange center between Chinese and Western civilizations for 85 years, it is a Chinese and foreign trading place located on the edge of the Pearl River, where foreign ships gather at the thirteen ports, and almost all major countries and regions in Asia, Europe and America have had direct trade relations with the thirteen banks. It has global trade routes to Europe, Latin America, South Asia, East Asia and Oceania. It was the only surviving node of the Maritime Silk Road under the closed-door policy of the Qing government at that time, bearing the gestation and development of modern China’s commercial economy. Although the thirteen lines have disappeared in the long river of history, their historical influence has been continuing. Two hundred years later, history once again chose Guangzhou to undertake the historical mission of "gathering customers from all over the world and selling goods from all over the world". Thirteen lines and the Canton Fair jointly compose the colorful movement of the Maritime Silk Road.It became the epitome of China’s opening to the outside world and economic development in modern times. A long scroll showing the style of the thirteen-line business hall in Qing Dynasty. Where did the thirteenth line come from? Kangxi’s sea trade gave birth to the "Thirteen Lines" and made Guangzhou "trade in one mouth". This was a scene in the 18th century-the Swedish merchant ship King Frederick was sailing off the South China Sea in China. This is a large sailboat of that era. It started from Europe and will arrive in Canton after more than a year’s voyage. In the eyes of westerners, China is a country of silk, porcelain and tea, and there are countless exquisite handicrafts, showing a profound culture. They were pleasantly surprised to find China. Fortunately, the Swedish ship escaped the stormy waves of the Cape of Good Hope, the piracy in Malacca and the threat of epidemic diseases on board, and completed the voyage with 20% staff reduction. Only half of the sailboats that set out with them can reach Guangzhou. Paying such a high price is for the maiden voyage of trade between China and Sweden. After leaving Gothenburg, Sweden, King Frederick went to Spain for the silver that was commonly used in China, and arrived at Lingding Island in Guangzhou on September 6, 1732. During the four months of berthing in Guangzhou, King Frederick ordered 151 large boxes and 1801 bundles of porcelain from more than 10 foreign firms in China, totaling 49,906 pieces. And 2183 boxes of red and green tea. After sailing from Guangzhou, King Frederick returned to Sweden after eight months. Porcelain exported in the Qing Dynasty is bright in color. At that time,Every year, hundreds of such merchant ships come from afar, enter the South China Sea of China through a long waterway, and then go north along the Pearl River to reach Guangzhou, then known as the southern gate of the Eastern Empire. In fact, during the Ming Dynasty, overseas trade was not always smooth, and the imperial court often declared a "sea ban", which lasted until the early Qing Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the sea was closed for 300 years. However, Guangzhou’s ship management organization, Shiboshi, was preserved and continued to play a role in promoting cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. The model of the Swedish merchant ship Gothenburg, which sailed to Guangzhou three times in Qing Dynasty. After Kangxi unified Taiwan Province and put down the San Francisco Rebellion, he began to consider the economic and tax balance of the whole country. He sent Shi Zhu, a cabinet university student, to Guangdong and Fujian for inspection to prepare for the sea trade. Because smuggling is popular, there is opposition in the court. Kangxi asked Shizhu, "How many houses have you been to in Guangdong?" Shizhu replied: "Zhaoqing, Gaozhou, Lianzhou, Leizhou, Qiongzhou, Guangzhou, Chaozhou, etc., where the people said that they had left their homeland for more than 20 years, and now the emperor has leveled the bandits and can go back to their homeland." Kangxi asked again, "So, people are happy to live by the sea, why don’t you allow it?" Shizhu replied, "The sea was sealed in the Ming Dynasty, so we can only do as usual." Kangxi was very dissatisfied and said: "The frontier ministers should take the national economy and people’s livelihood as their thoughts. Although the sea is forbidden today, people who trade privately also go to sea to make a living; To be honest, if you are not allowed, it is just for your own convenience. " Shizhu was speechless for a while. In the 24th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1685), the imperial court opened four ports for trade: Guangzhou, Ningbo, Zhoushan and Xiamen.However, at that time, there was no distinction between Chinese and foreign trade, and there was no specialized foreign trade firm. In the early days of the switch, when western ships arrived, officials were in a hurry, and foreign ships were often blocked outside the port and could not trade for a long time. In the spring of 1686, the second year of Guangdong Customs switch, the Guangdong government finally found a solution-Wu Xingzuo, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, Li Shizhen, Governor of Guangdong, and Yi Ergtu, the supervisor of Guangdong Customs, jointly discussed and divided the national tax into two categories: "residence tax" and "line tax". The "residence tax" is a tax levied on all goods landed in the inland trade of this province, which is collected by the tax department and called "Golden Line"; "Travel tax" is a tax on goods sold by foreign countries and goods traded at sea, which is collected by Guangdong Customs. "Foreign goods line" means "thirteen lines". When it comes to the meaning of "line", it means "line and column", which is "the place where goods live". From then on, foreign goods company 13 became a professional firm engaged in foreign trade, which was managed by the state to prevent free exchanges between Chinese and foreign people. In the twenty-second year of Qianlong (1757), Qianlong made a decree in the Forbidden City: "The port is set in Guangdong, and foreign ships are allowed to dock in Guangdong." The other three ports were closed, and Guangzhou became the foreign trade center of Qing Dynasty. This export painting in Qing Dynasty depicts the scene of local businessmen talking with foreign businessmen. How prosperous is the thirteenth line? The 85-year-old "one-stop trade" has made Guangzhou’s routes to the world increasingly developed. In addition to the routes to the Indian Ocean, Nanyang, Japan and Europe that have been in use in the Ming Dynasty, it has also increased the routes to North America, Oceania and Russia through the Cape of Good Hope.In many places overseas, there are scenes of merchants from various countries shuttling around the "canton" thirteen-line commercial pavilion area and tens of thousands of races on the river, which makes people marvel at the prosperity of Guangzhou at that time. Although according to the regulations of the government, foreign businessmen could not live in Guangzhou at that time, but only in the suburbs or Huangpu Port, every rest day, businessmen or sailors could walk into the city gate and visit the flower pagoda and longevity temple of Haikuang Temple, and they could also visit scenic places such as Baiyun Mountain and Fangcun Flower Land. Guangzhou, a trading port, became the preferred "golden port" for western merchant ships after the opening and closing of the Qing Dynasty. Of course, silk porcelain, tea and homespun were exported, while wool, cotton, metals and spices were imported from abroad. In 1984, British divers found the Dutch merchant ship "Helder Malsen" which sank on the rocks in 1751. When it returned from China, it brought 147 pieces of gold, 239,000 pieces of porcelain in 203 boxes, 687,000 pounds of tea, textiles, lacquerware, sappan wood and thymelaeaceae. By 1986, when part of the sunken ship was salvaged for auction, the guests were dumbfounded by the dazzling array of goods. Qing dynasty export porcelain painted with ocean-going sailboats. In those days, foreign businessmen came to Guangzhou with great enthusiasm. Apart from Russian caravans crossing Siberia to the northern border of China and Portuguese merchant ships trading in Macau, neighboring countries and European and American countries, including the Netherlands, Spain, Britain, France, Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Prussia, Italy, the United States and Peru, participated in the tribute trade with China.All of them are trading in the 13th Commercial Hall in Guangzhou. In Berlin Coin Museum, Germany, there is a silver coin with the head of Prussian king on the front and a Guangzhou businessman in Qing Dynasty costume on the back. There is a box of tea behind the businessman. This is a commemorative coin made for Prussian merchant ships who sailed to Guangzhou for the first time in the seventeenth year of Qianlong (1753), and it is the only commemorative coin in Europe with the image of Qing Dynasty. Among the foreign ships coming to China, there are also names with Chinese flavor, such as "Guangzhou", "Merchant of China" and "empress of china". This painting for export in Qing Dynasty reflects thirteen lines of street customs. It is worth mentioning that there are canton in many overseas places. For example, Canton in Massachusetts and Canton in Georgia are towns named after Guangzhou, while Canton in northeast Ohio is the largest Guangzhou city in the United States. Since the second half of the 18th century, there have been dozens of foreign merchant ships coming to Guangzhou every year, with more than 80 at the most. By the early 19th century, it had increased to one or two hundred. In 1784, the American merchant ship "empress of china" made its maiden voyage to Guangzhou with leather goods and American ginseng worth 120,000 US dollars. "empress of china" also kept all the naval equipment to prevent pirates from looting. On May 11th, 1785, "empress of china" returned to the United States, causing a sensation all over the country. All the goods on board were snapped up, and Washington, the founding president of the United States, also bought a teapot with a dragon pattern. Line 13 has "Tianzi Nanku"There is also a domineering name for the thirteen lines: "Tianzi Nanku". In the process of accumulating wealth, the court also got huge benefits from Guangzhou. From the first year of Daoguang (1821) to the seventeenth year of Daoguang (1837), more than 1.5 million taels of silver tax were received in Guangzhou every year, all of which were dominated by the royal family. The foreign firm also transported foreign goods such as ivory, enamel, snuff, clocks, glassware, gold and silver for the emperor. In the list of 1738, 88 of the 102 tributes were exotic foreign goods. In 1754, hall of mental cultivation was built in the Forbidden City in Beijing, which needed valuable timber from Nanyang, and Guangdong imported 56,400 Jin for it. In 1708, Kangxi suddenly became seriously ill and drank the red wine prepared by the foreign imperial doctor Rod, and his heartbeat quickly returned to normal. In the future, whenever foreign ships entered Hong Kong, Kangxi asked if there was any wine, and if there was, he asked for it to be transported to Beijing as soon as possible. Soon, the world wines gathered in Guangzhou, and a wine "hotline" was formed between Beijing and Guangzhou. In 1758, in an imperial edict, Qianlong instructed that "foreign clocks and watches, western gold beads, exotic furnishings or fresh utensils should be bought", and that "there is no need to cherish fees". It can be seen that Guangdong Customs, Guangzhou Foreign Firm and the court are inextricably linked, and the thirteenth line has become the only foreign goods supply place that the royal family can rely on, so it is called "Tianzi Nanku". The richest group in China relied on the monopoly privilege of foreign trade, and a number of China tycoons appeared in the 13th line, such as Pan Zhencheng, Wu Bingjian and Lu Guanheng, all of whom were rich, among which Wu Bingjian was the most prominent and became the richest man in the world at that time. Wu Bingjian has 26 million taels of silver,It is equivalent to more than 5 billion yuan today, and its income is half that of the Qing government. His son invests in railways in the United States, and the annual interest alone is more than 200,000 taels of silver. In addition, Shisanhang has also become a bridgehead for cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. Chinese porcelain, export paintings and folk handicrafts are exported from here, and foreign scientific knowledge, culture and art are also introduced into China from here. Exquisite export products in Qing Dynasty. The picture shows the export porcelain candlestick in Qing Dynasty. The relationship between Shisanhang and the world far exceeds trade. In the history of Shisanhang, there were three big fires, and the last fire completely burned Shisanhang. The first fire was in 1822. A cake shop near Shisanhang caught fire, which affected Shisanhang. The fire burned for two days, and many foreign business halls and foreign firms were burned down. In 1842, the thirteenth line suffered a second fire. In 1856, when the Second Opium War broke out, the British army shelled Guangzhou and burned thirteen lines. All the buildings and goods in the thirteen lines were destroyed in the fire. "The connection between the thirteen lines and the world lies not only in trade. It is the first place where the eastern and western hemispheres blend in all directions in the fields of politics, economy, culture, religion, science and technology, language, art and law. " Lily li, curator of Thirteen Lines Museum, said. Tan Yuanheng, a professor and doctoral supervisor of South China University of Technology, believes that Guangzhou has its own urban pattern, which is the economic pattern naturally formed by commercial trade. From the "Fanfang" in the Middle Ages, the Haizhu Stone Commercial Port in the near ancient times, until the appearance of Guangzhou Thirteen Lines, Guangzhou was well-deserved as the "Millennium Commercial Capital". The formation of the city of Guangzhou,It is similar to Florence, Milan, Venice, Rome and other commercial cities with rich wealth in the west. It is the commercial prosperity since ancient times that created Guangzhou and gave birth to Guangzhou-from the beginning, Guangzhou has the characteristics of a marine and commercial city. Therefore, it is not difficult to understand that Shisanxing appeared in Guangzhou, and it was integrated into the world, becoming the earliest commercial leader with modern colors of China. The 13th Guangzhou Tour also has a positive impact on the development of the world economic system. Wang Yuanlin, director and professor of 13th Line Research Center of Guangzhou University, said that 13th Line has a merchant guarantee system, that is, the merchant guarantees many affairs of foreign merchant ships coming to China, bears many responsibilities such as guarantee, and may not owe foreign debts. Once the hong merchants go bankrupt due to debts owed to foreign merchants, other hong merchants will be responsible for sharing the compensation. "This’ sitting together’ guarantee system later became an important reference for the US banking deposit insurance system." Wang Yuanlin said. According to the Secret Files of Foreign Merchants in Qing Dynasty, an American businessman owed Jardine Matheson Wu Bingjian 72,000 silver dollars, which he was unable to repay. When Wu Bingjian tore up the IOUs, he used "Guangzhou English" in his dialogue with American businessmen. New Mission and New Action: Undertaking the historical mission of making friends with the world. Although the back of Guangzhou’s leap into a trillion-dollar city of foreign trade has disappeared in the long river of history, the legacy left by the thirteenth line-the business spirit of facing the world, being the first, being open and innovative, and striving for perfection-has been engraved in Guangzhou’s genes, and Guangzhou has always been at the forefront of China’s foreign trade exchanges. Two hundred years apart, history once again chose Guangzhou in 1951, in order to strengthen the circulation of urban and rural materials,Guangzhou decided to hold an unprecedented material exchange conference called South China Native Products Exhibition and Exchange Conference. Twelve permanent and semi-permanent exhibition halls have been built in the original site of Thirteen Lines. This modernist architectural complex also laid the foundation for the development of cultural parks in the future. In 1952, "Lingnan Cultural Relics Palace" was established at the site of the South China Native Products Exhibition and Exchange Conference, and became a famous exhibition place for cultural activities at that time. In January 1956, Lingnan Cultural Relics Palace was renamed Guangzhou Cultural Park. From "South China Native Products Exhibition and Exchange Conference" to "Lingnan Cultural Relics Palace" and then to "Guangzhou Cultural Park", the names were inscribed by Ye Jianying. Two hundred years after Thirteen Lines were born, history once again chose Guangzhou as the window for China’s foreign trade exchange. On April 25th, 1957, the first floor of Sino-Soviet Friendship Building in Liuhua Road, Guangzhou was filled with gongs and drums, and the first China Export Commodities Fair (hereinafter referred to as the Canton Fair) opened here! "’Poop-poop’ went through the tunnel and the clothes were blackened." At that time, Li Huan, a 31-year-old Hong Kong buyer, arrived at the meeting on a coal-burning train. Without much care, he excitedly squeezed into the cheering crowd. "I have confidence in the sales of domestic products," he recalled fondly. The original intention of the Canton Fair was to meet the needs of economic construction and develop international trade in exchange for foreign exchange. At that time, New China urgently needed to open a channel to connect with the international market, and use the commodity exhibition as a window to display and trade export commodities. The host city of this exhibition should have a foreign trade foundation and a unique geographical advantage.Looking at China at that time, Guangzhou was the best choice: Guangzhou had a long history of foreign trade and was the only trading port in China under the closed door policy of the feudal dynasty for a long time. In terms of location, Guangdong is close to Hong Kong and Macao, which is the most convenient for Hong Kong businessmen. Only Guangzhou in Guangdong can undertake the historical mission of "making friends with the world". The turnover of the first Canton Fair accounted for 20% of the country’s total foreign exchange income in that year, which opened a channel for new China to communicate with the world in the high-pressure international political environment and suffered from "economic blockade" and "goods embargo", and the abbreviation of "Canton Fair" soon became familiar to the world. Since then, the Canton Fair has been held regularly in spring and autumn every year without interruption. Thousands of China enterprises have successfully entered the international market through the Canton Fair, and their export commodities have also changed from primary products to "made in China" and "made in China", and from offline to online and offline integration … On October 15, 2021, the 130th Canton Fair kicked off. During the 65 years from 1957 to 2021, the Canton Fair moved four times in Guangzhou, and the construction area of the exhibition hall expanded from the initial 18,000 square meters to 1.1 million square meters today. The cumulative export turnover of the Canton Fair exceeded US$ 1.4 trillion, accounting for more than 50% of the national export proportion. It has established trade relations with more than 210 countries and regions around the world, and accumulated about 8.8 million overseas buyers flew across the ocean to participate in the conference. The turnover is far from comparable to that of the thirteen banks in that year. In 2021, the total import and export value of Guangzhou’s foreign trade reached 1,082.59 billion yuan.Become a "trillion city of foreign trade". Through the Canton Fair, "gathering customers from all over the world, selling goods from all over the world and selling goods from all over the world" became a reality. In the export painting of Qing Dynasty, a grocery store on the street of Guangzhou. Canton Fair promotes the safe and smooth operation of the global industrial chain and supply chain. On July 19th, 2021, the State Council announced the list of the first batch of cities to cultivate and build an international consumption center. There are five major cities in China, and Guangzhou is the only non-municipality directly under the Central Government. Guangzhou has tasted the "first soup" of cultivating and building an international consumption center city. It is reported that Guangzhou has started the cultivation and construction of an international consumption center city in an all-round way, and it is planned to basically build an intelligent, fashionable and modern international consumption center city facing the world in about five years, so as to realize the transformation from "selling the world" to "selling and buying the world". In 2016, Guangzhou established the 13th Line Museum in Guangzhou on the site of 13th Line Foreign Commercial Pavilion in Qing Dynasty (in Guangzhou Cultural Park). According to Wang Zhen, deputy director of Guangzhou Thirteen Lines Museum, there are more than 4,800 pieces (sets) of cultural relics in the collection, which show the history of Thirteen Lines by means of "cultural relics+historical documents", sand table and electronic animation. "To some extent, Line 13 has a wonderful connection with the Canton Fair." Ye Nong, a professor at China Institute of Cultural History of Jinan University, said this. Cantonese English is very popular. In the process of "one-stop trade" for a long time, Guangzhou people invented a special language-"Guangzhou English". At that time, the inventor of "Guangzhou English" marked the pronunciation of English words in Cantonese, and gradually formed a distinctive one."Local English". After the opening of Shanghai, "Guangzhou English" spread to Shanghai and became the originator of "Pidgin English". Can you understand "Guangzhou English" Chinese: chin-chin, how do you do, long time my no hab see you. (Please, hello! I haven’t seen you for a long time) Foreigner: l can secure hab long time before time my no have come this shop. (It’s really been a long time, I didn’t come to your shop last time) Chinese: Hi-ya, so, eh! What thing wantchee? Oh, really, what do you want? ) foreigner: oh, some little chow-chow thing. you have got some ginger sweet? Oh, I want something small. Do you have any ginger preserves? ) Chinese: Just Now No Got, L Think Canton Habgot Velly Few That Sutemeet. (Not now, I think there are few such candied fruits in Guangzhou) (Excerpted from Wu Yixiong’s "Guangzhou English" and Chinese-Western Communication before the mid-19th century).The deep contact between the first group of people who opened their eyes to the world and foreigners in China made Thirteen Hong Merchants become the first group of people who opened their eyes to the world in China. During the Opium War, thirteen merchants took the lead in donating money to introduce advanced western technology and upgrade the equipment of Guangdong Navy. Pan Shirong devoted himself to imitating the most advanced steamship in the world at that time; Pan Shicheng hired a US naval officer with a high salary to copy the earliest modern mine in China-"Ship Attack Mine"; Zheng Chongqian was the first Chinese to spread the vaccinia law. The Wu family contributed a lot to the introduction of western medicine into China. The Vaccinium Vaccination Bureau, the first hospital in China, and the Ophthalmology Medical Bureau of Peter Peter Parker also received strong support from the Wu family. It can be said that the thirteen-line merchants were the earliest practitioners of "learning from foreigners to control foreigners", which was 20 years earlier than the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty. After the end of the "one-stop trade" era, a large number of Guangzhou foreign trade businessmen moved to Shanghai and Hong Kong, forming the first wave of immigration in Shanghai. In the 1950s, Shanghai replaced Guangzhou as the largest trading port in China. What attracted the most attention from Guangdong was no longer goods, but a group of people called "comprador". The original Shanghai foreign firm was "comprador" and "half of it was made by Cantonese people". After arriving in Shanghai, Guangdong Hong merchants bought a large number of properties and real estate, and planned to build a Shanghai version of the "Thirteen Hong Merchants Pavilion" and rent it to foreign businessmen. However, because local officials accepted bribes from British businessmen, Guangdong merchants are nominally property owners of real estate and real estate.However, he was deprived of the right to dispose of real estate and real estate, and was forced to rent it to the British permanently without receiving the rent. Relying on this concession, British businessmen expanded step by step in Shanghai, and finally the Bund was formed in this area. The annotation "line, column also" in "thirteen lines" is "the place where goods live", which is the definition of "line" in ancient books. Guangzhou Shisanhang was a firm specializing in foreign trade in the Qing Dynasty, and it was a monopoly institution designated by the Qing government to specialize in foreign trade. In 1813 and 1837, there happened to be thirteen firms, such as Jardine Matheson of Wu Bingjian, Kwong Lee of Lu Jiguang, Tong Fu of Pan Shaoguang, etc., but the number of the firms varied, ranging from four to more than twenty, and the "thirteen firms" were just the established appellation. The names of banks often change, including Xinglong, Lianxing, Dexing, Zhengxing, Tongxing, Yuanchang, Jinyuan, Yihe and Baoshun. Among them, Pan, Wu, Lu and Ye, the four major merchants, had more property than the national treasury income at that time, and they were truly "extremely rich". According to Wang Zhen, deputy director of the Thirteen Lines Museum in Guangzhou, according to historical records, the Thirteen Lines Site is located in today’s Guangzhou Cultural Park and its surrounding areas, including the China line number and the foreign commercial museum. The China line number is scattered, and some line numbers are outside the Thirteen Lines Street; However, foreign commercial pavilions are relatively concentrated, and the houses are all built facing the Pearl River, like a floating city on the water.

　　Yesterday, starring Sun Honglei and Shen Aojun, director Jiang Wei went to Guangzhou to build momentum for the TV series "Latent" which will land on TVS4 and TVS1 on the evening of December 20th. In recent film and television circles, three plays starring Sun Honglei have occupied half of the country: Latency, which is held as the finale drama by various stations, Mei Lanfang, a New Year blockbuster, and vicissitudes of life, the opening drama of CCTV. Sun Honglei, who plays a gentle character in the play, wore a big leather coat, wide jeans and a big silver chain around his neck yesterday, showing his long-lost "tough guy" side.

　　Three roles, three gas fields

　　In Latency, Mei Lanfang and Vicissitudes, Sun Honglei subverts the style of "gang leader" and plays the feminine Qiu Rubai (Mei Lanfang), the cautious Yu Zecheng (Latency) and the romantic Confucian general Yang Liqing (Vicissitudes). Sun Honglei said, "These three roles are far from the roles I have played before. I have been looking for a breakthrough all my life. Recently, I just won an award,’ the most breakthrough film actor of 2008′. I think the word’ breakthrough’ is the biggest praise for me. "

　　Qiu Rubai (Mei Lanfang):

　　"This is a turning point in my acting career, and I call this role an exclamation point."

　　Character scanning: Some people say that Qiu Rubai is the protagonist of Mei Lanfang. Qiu Rubai was present at the critical moment that decided Mei Lanfang’s fate. He pushed Mei Lanfang to success, and he also sabotaged the relationship between Mei Lanfang and Meng Xiaodong in secret. This character suspected of "brokeback" brought people considerable surprises.

　　Modeling scan: wearing antique round glasses, a long scarf and a gown, she is an intellectual.

　　Self-interpretation: This is perhaps my boldest attempt. After filming this play, I am all quiet and soft, and I can quietly reflect on what new breakthroughs I can make. It can be said that this is a turnaround in my acting career, and I call this role an exclamation point. Because I played Qiu Rubai, I dared to try to play Yu Zecheng and Yang Liqing, which also made me dare to try all kinds of roles in the following days. I believe that every role will not be the end for me, and the word "breakthrough" is my greatest praise.

　　Yang Liqing

　　("The right path on earth is vicissitudes"):

　　"Good and evil, everything is full on him."

　　Character scanning: Yang Liqing was stubborn when he was a child, but he gradually grew into an excellent revolutionary soldier after receiving the enlightenment of communism in Huangpu Military Academy. "Tiger spirit" and "monkey spirit" coexist in him, and chivalrous character and tenderness coexist.

　　Modeling scan: I shaved my hair, revealing the sharp "beauty tip" on my forehead, with thick eyebrows, wearing a military uniform and full of righteousness, and wearing casual clothes looks a little "skin".

　　Self-interpretation: He is very skinny, but he is healthy in his bones. I like this character very much. There may be some shadows of Yang Liqing in my life, but he is happier and more sunny. I appreciate his uniqueness and unconventional playing. In the past, many descriptions about communist party people were superficial. In fact, they had their romance, their manners and grace. Yang Liqing was a Confucian general of scholarly family.

　　Yu Zecheng (Lurking):

　　"I have to press my own strength to act."

　　Character scanning: Yu Zecheng changed the "Gao Daquan" image of the characters in the traditional red classic works. He was a little dull, spoke softly and stammered. Sit next to the leader with your feet closed and your hands on your knees; Frown and cough when drinking wine; The status at home is "women are strong and men are weak". In this play, Sun Honglei "invented" a simple and honest smile that only belongs to Yu Zecheng.

　　Modeling scan: the thick eyebrows are trimmed very finely, and most of the eyebrows are cut off. A fluffy pineapple head is buckled on his head, which makes him look naive.

　　Self-interpretation: I chose this drama because I took a fancy to the truth of Yu Zecheng. I have been exposed to many spy war scripts before, but I don’t think they are spies at first glance. Only Yu Zecheng, who let me see a real underground worker, gave me a feeling of "taking root". He can’t be more ordinary. What he does every day is to hide himself from being discovered. He has the impulse to laugh when he is happy and cry when he is sad, but he has to cover it up. I designed a silly smile for him, which can’t be seen in any other play. When I got this script, I felt that I could show the world that the underground party is like this-smart enough, low-key enough and calm enough. At first, the director always said that my aura was too strong, and Yu Zecheng couldn’t show any feelings. Later, I tried my best to play the role before explaining it.

　　Off-stage Sun Honglei:

　　"I am as crazy about my career as Qiu Rubai, and as dull as Yu Zecheng."

　　Sun Honglei said frankly that all three characters have their own shadows: "Qiu Rubai is a comedian, so am I, and I have a pilgrim’s heart for the performing arts."

　　When asked who I look more like in real life, Sun Honglei replied "Yu Zecheng" without thinking: "I hope I have a normal mind, which may be different from what the audience saw in the play before. My real personality is closest to Yu Zecheng, plain and low-key, and sometimes it seems boring. I read books, listen to music and play ball games in my spare time. I am a gentle and peaceful person. I only hope that people around me can live comfortably and freely. I don’t want people to treat me as an actor, let alone a star. I especially hate this. " For Yang Liqing, Sun Honglei is more appreciative: "I appreciate his comprehensiveness and his fullness, but few people can do it like him."

　　Three women, three feelings

　　In the play "Latent", Sun Honglei’s leading role is one of the highlights of the play, but one of the reasons why many viewers like the play is the main line of the play-Yu Zecheng’s worrying "marriage" and love. Yu Zecheng had three women, and Sun Honglei gave them the position that "Yu Zecheng’s greatness was achieved through these three women".

　　Zuo Lan (Shen Aojun) Love Fantasy

　　Character scanning: She is Yu Zecheng’s first love, with goals, faith, talent and outstanding appearance. In the words of Yu Zecheng’s plays, it is "every inch of this woman is worthy of love". They have the same heart and tacit understanding. Zuo Lan is the guiding light of his life. This woman did her best to protect the safety of Yu Zecheng before she died.

　　Sun Honglei explained: Zuo Lan is romantic and perfect, and it is also Yu Zecheng’s greatest love fantasy. When he first went to communist party, he didn’t think about his faith. He simply thought, "Since Zuo Lan likes to work for communist party, I’ll change my job." Later, everything Yu Zecheng did for a long time had a simple purpose: "After helping Zuo Lan complete the task, we will get married and have children together." Seeing her dead, Yu Zecheng went crazy, and his heart was completely broken, leaving only an empty shell supporting him, but there were spies watching outside, so he could only walk out of the morgue with a straight face and force himself to smile at the spy.

　　Cuiping (Yao Chen) comes naturally.

　　Character scanning: She is a character who makes the audience laugh and cry, and she makes Yu Zecheng go on firmly. She is not Yu Zecheng’s type, rude, uneducated, simple-minded and single-minded; However, the life of a fake couple made them love each other for a long time. When Yu Zecheng thought that Cuiping died, he finally couldn’t support it. He climbed from the ground three times in a row and failed to get up.

　　Sun Honglei explained: Don’t say that Yu Zecheng can’t accept it, and I can’t accept such people. But she has a power. If she doesn’t do spy war, she will be a good guerrilla. She and Yu Zecheng seem to be disharmonious, but they have achieved the greatest harmony. This is the beauty of the director and the screenwriter. Bringing two people from far away together forms an advanced comedy effect, an effect of tears in laughter.

　　In late autumn (Zhu Jie), the yin is wrong and the yang is wrong.

　　Character scanning: a female college student with culture, thought, special self-confidence and dare to love. She dared to act boldly and admitted that she liked Yu Zecheng in front of Cuiping. Finally, Yu Zecheng got married in late autumn for work reasons, which surprised the audience.

　　Sun Honglei explained that the relationship between Yu Zecheng and Late Autumn was purely mutual use. Yu Zecheng had to pretend to love her in order not to expose herself, and she also pretended to love Yu Zecheng in order to get rid of her family’s clutches. They ended up together by mistake. Maybe Yu Zecheng doesn’t know whether she loves her or not, but I believe this is not love, but sympathy, pity! He didn’t want her to die, so he sent her to Yan ‘an for the sake of Communist party member.

　　Off-stage Sun Honglei:

　　"There are indeed obstacles to playing kissing."

　　Sun Honglei has always avoided talking about emotional issues. He responded openly to the audience’s question that "Sun Honglei will not play emotional drama": "Maybe, the audience is the most authoritative judge. I am a fan of the authorities. I really don’t know how to play emotional drama." Many viewers criticized him for being "stiff in the kissing scene", and Sun Honglei was helpless: "I can’t help it. Yao Chen said that his kissing scene was’ the feeling of two pieces of raw meat mixed together’, and I didn’t even feel raw meat. I really can’t play this kind of drama, so I have also pushed off many TV dramas and movies, and there are indeed obstacles. "

　　Director Jiang Wei

　　Respond to questions

　　[link]

　　Director Jiang Wei responded to questions.

　　● The ending is too tragic?

　　"Since this drama is about heroes, what can best show heroism is their spirit of sacrifice. Sacrifice is not necessarily the sacrifice of life, but also the sacrifice of their love, family and children. It is a sacrifice for Yu Zecheng to finally leave his wife and children with women he doesn’t love. "

　　● Heroic civilians?

　　"There are two ways to express heroes, one is external and the other is internal. The exposed hero appears to be Gao Daquan, and the inner hero is more real. "

　　● Yao Sun is not in tune?

　　"I think it’s quite reliable to put them together. As long as Yao Chen can jump out of the previous comedy role and as long as Sun Honglei can take back the flamboyant side, it’s absolutely appropriate for them to put them together."

Editor: Sun Jie

　　　　[XCAR domestic new car original]

　　　　Recently, Land Rover officially announced that Land Rover’s 2015 Range Rover Sport Edition will be launched in January 2015. The biggest change of the new car is the addition of a model equipped with a 3.0L V6 diesel engine and diesel hybrid. It is reported that the 2015 Range Rover Sport Edition will provide 7 models to choose from, with a price range of 988.8-1.818 million yuan.

　　　　Tip: The 2015 Range Rover Sport Edition will be launched in January next year; Add body color and power; The price range is 98.8-1.818 million.

　　　　The newly-added Range Rover Sport diesel vehicle is equipped with a 3.0L SDV6 engine, while the diesel hybrid vehicle is composed of a 3.0L SDV6 engine and a motor that can output 35kW(48Ps). The comprehensive maximum output power is 250kW(340Ps), the peak torque is 700Nm, and its comprehensive fuel consumption per 100km is 6.5L/100km. The power systems of other models remain unchanged.

　　　　It is reported that in addition to the new diesel version, the 2015 Range Rover Sport Edition also adds three body colors: Aruba Grey Silver, Montachino Red and Kaikula Brown. In addition, the new model can also be equipped with digital TV and Meridian surround sound system.

　　　　Editor’s comment:The launch of the new model will expand the product line of Range Rover, and the new car will provide consumers with more choices in power, configuration and body color. At the same time, it can also stimulate new car sales to a certain extent.

　 　 Related content review:

　 　　1.198 million Range Rover Sport Hybrid Model Listed in Chengdu

In terms of appearance, the new Buick gs adopts a brand-new design concept of three-dimensional spreading wings and three-dimensional aesthetics. The front face adopts a family-style design with higher recognition, and the air intake grille is wider. The middle net adopts a black honeycomb design with a brand-new Buick logo, which looks very textured. At the same time, the headlights on both sides are sharp in shape, and the interior adopts a full led light source. After the L-shaped led daytime running light is lit, it is highly recognizable, and the lower air intake adopts a wider honeycomb design.

In the interior, the new car follows the design style of the current model, adopting an all-embracing cockpit, and the all-black interior with red stitching is very sporty. In addition, the new car is equipped with a new style, gear handle, 8.0-inch central control panel and other configurations. At the same time, the new car is also equipped with Buick’s new generation of intelligent interconnection system econnect, with functions such as ota remote upgrade and navigation service.

Weilang’s car is 4688mm long, with a body width of 1786mm and a wheelbase of 2700mm, which is quite satisfactory. In the same class, Weilang’s wheelbase ranks 22nd. The interior space of the car is relatively spacious at the same level, the height and width of the car are ideal, and the legroom in the back row will not feel cramped, which belongs to the upper-middle level at the same level. The skylight of Weilang Pro GS 1.5T Blast Edition provides a larger view, which can create a better visual environment and good sensitivity for the rear passengers and increase the light entrance for the whole vehicle. Among the models of the same price and class, Weilang’s trunk volume ranks seventh. The storage space in the car is quite satisfactory and basically sufficient. The interior space of the luggage compartment is relatively regular, with very good longitudinal depth and high expansibility, and the space performance is generally ideal.

Buick Weilang is equipped with a combination of 1.5 turbocharged engine (direct injection) and continuously variable transmission (CVT). 1.5 The power performance of the engine is quite satisfactory when it is matched on the Willan, and the low torque is weak and the hysteresis can be felt. Weilang’s official measured zero-acceleration score is 7.7S, ranking 26th among 120,000-180,000 compact car models.

Weilang’s active/passive safety configuration is complete, includingAutomatic parking、Zero tire pressure endurance tire、Automatic parking、Steep slope descent、hill start assist control、knee airbag、HUD head-up display、Anti-lock braking (ABS)、Braking force distribution (EBD/CBC, etc.)、Brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.)、Traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.)、Active noise reduction、Engine start and stop、Side safety air curtain、Wireless charging of mobile phone、night vision system、LED daytime running lights、Forward reversing radar、Tire pressure monitoring、Steering wheel heating、Body stability control (ESP/DSC, etc.)、Rear reversing radar、Fatigue reminder、Remote parking、Child seat interface、Lane keeping (LKAS)Equal configuration.

Among them,Automatic parkingYou can avoid stepping on the brakes for a long time or needing to pull frequently;Steep slope descentCan safely pass through steep slope road conditions at low speed;knee airbagReduce the injury of the car interior to the occupant’s knees in the secondary collision.

In addition to the above description, we can also go to the Easy Car Forum to browse more real car feedback from actual buyers, or use our experience.

In today’s era of information explosion, online rumors spread like viruses, tearing at the private lives of public figures, and making ordinary netizens feel helpless. Recently, a live broadcast triggered by actor Bao Beier caused widespread concern because of false rumors against the late artist Kimi. This live broadcast not only shows Bao Beier’s anger and helplessness about online rumors, but also makes us begin to reflect on the influence of rumors on individuals and society.

First, the background of the incident: the friendship between Bao Beier and Kimi

Kimi, an artist who was widely loved because of his outstanding talent and charm when he was young, his sudden death left many people with indelible regrets. And Bao Beier, as his good friend, their friendship has been widely circulated in the entertainment circle. After Kimi’s death, rumors about him emerged one after another. Recently, rumors about the false relationship between Bao Beier and him surfaced. Bao Beier expressed strong indignation at this in the live broadcast, saying that he had handled it with the police and vowed to safeguard his friend’s reputation and his own legitimate rights and interests.

Second, the impulse alarm? Or rational rights protection?

In the live broadcast of Bao Beier, we can clearly feel his anger at the rumor. In the face of cyber violence, he chose to call the police, although some netizens expressed doubts about this and thought that calling the police was impulsive, futile and useless. However, the act of calling the police is extremely important at the legal level.

In our country, fabricating and spreading false information, especially those involving personal reputation and privacy, can constitute crimes such as libel or infringement of reputation rights. This means that although there are not many examples of being investigated for criminal responsibility because of online rumors in reality, it does not mean that the police have no effect. As legal experts have said, calling the police is the first step to start the legal process, which allows the police to intervene in the investigation and collect evidence, which constitutes a certain deterrent to rumor makers. Even if the case is not filed in the end, the victim can still seek reasonable compensation and fair treatment through legal channels.

Third, the double-edged sword effect of social media

The background of the incident is also inseparable from the influence of modern social media. Social media, as an important tool for information dissemination, provides a rich expression platform for everyone, but it also encourages the breeding of rumors. Everyone has become a disseminator of information. However, without the truth, data and emotions are mostly spread, and how many people are misled by it is unknown. The Bao Beier incident reminds us that every forwarding and comment needs to be based on real facts, and it also needs rationality and thinking.

4. Stars and rumors: the pain caused by reputation damage

Rumors not only affect the image and career of stars, but also do great harm to their private lives. As public figures, stars are already under pressure from all sides, not to mention being repeatedly attacked by rumors on the Internet. The friendship between Bao Beier and Kimi was violated by rumors, which not only caused the loss of reputation, but also made people see the weakness and selfishness in human nature.

In this incident, Bao Beier’s voice and anger represent the voices of countless people who have been victims of rumors. He used his practical actions to warn those who spread rumors maliciously, and let us see that stars are not powerless in the face of cyber violence, but have the courage to safeguard their own and friends’ reputations.

V. Conclusion: Collective Reflection and Call for Action

Bao Beier’s anger is not only the protection of personal reputation, but also the reflection and call for the whole network environment. As ordinary netizens, we need to improve media literacy, judge the authenticity of information, and resolutely refuse to believe in rumors and spread them. At the same time, we expect the society to strengthen supervision over the spread of online rumors in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of every individual. In the end, no matter what the outcome of this incident is, it should urge us to look at network communication more rationally and assume our due social responsibilities.

Let’s work together to maintain truth and harmony in this ocean of internet, so that rumors have nowhere to hide.

Editor in charge:

April 17 th news,Huawei nova11 seriesAnd the whole scene new product launch conference was held, and over 17 products were launched in one breath.

HUAWEI Nova 11 series, Huawei enjoys 60X mobile phone, Huawei MateBook D 14/D 16 notebook, Huawei smart screen S3 Pro, Huawei bracelet 8, HuaweiSmart locksSeries, as well as many new products such as AITO Wenjie M5 Zhijia Edition #, AITO Wenjie M9, etc.

1、Huawei nova11Series mobile phone

Huawei nova11 series includes Huawei nova11, Huawei nova11 Pro and Huawei nova11 Ultra, Qualcomm Snapdragon 778G 4G processor, front-mounted 60-megapixel portrait dual camera, and rear-mounted 50-megapixel super-sensing lens.Kunlun glassConfiguration, the whole machine’s fall resistance is improved to 10 times.

Huawei nova 11 price, 128GB, 2499 yuan; 256GB, 2799 yuan; 256GB Kunlun glass version, 2999 yuan; 512GB Kunlun glass version, 3399 yuan.

Huawei nova 11 Pro price, 256GB, 3499 yuan; 256GB Kunlun glass version, 3699 yuan; 512GB version, 3999 yuan.

Huawei nova 11 Ultra price, a version of 512GB Kunlun glass, 4499 yuan.

2. Huawei enjoys 60X.

Huawei Enjoy 60X is equipped with Snapdragon 680 4G processor, 7000mAh Huawei Whale battery, and the 512GB version is equipped with the industry’s 22.5W reverse wired fast charge, which can charge 4000mAh mobile phone in reverse, and it can charge 45% in 30 minutes.

Huawei Enjoy 60X contains five color schemes, Danxia Orange and Gilded Black are made of skin-friendly material, Haoyue Silver, Emerald Jade and Obsidian Gold Black are made of flash sand technology, which is not easy to leave fingerprints.

The 128GB version costs 1799 yuan, the 256GB version costs 1999 yuan, and the 512GB version costs 2299 yuan.

3. Huawei MateBook D 14 notebook

Huawei MateBook D 14 is equipped with a 16:10 golden ratio eye protection full screen, which is immersed in the field of vision and comfortable to look at; Equipped with the 13th generation Intel Core i7-1360P processor, it helps to handle complex multi-tasks; The smart conference will be upgraded again, and the quiet space will enjoy the noise reduction of wireless headphones; Huawei metamaterial antenna, faster and more stable network speed.

The price of i7-1360P/16GB/1TB is 6099 yuan, and that of i5-1340P/16GB/512GB is 5099 yuan. The pre-sale started at 18:08 on April 17th and officially went on sale at 10:08 on April 26th.

4. Huawei MateBook D 16 notebook

The price of i9-13900H/16GB/1TB is 7199 yuan, that of i7-13700H/16GB/1TB is 6699 yuan, and that of i5-13500H/16GB/1TB is 5699 yuan. Pre-sale started at 18:08 on April 17th, and officially went on sale at 10:08 on May 8th.

5. Huawei Smart Screen S3 Pro

Huawei’s smart screen S3 Pro, with 98% ultra-high screen ratio, integrated metal body and ultra-narrow bezel design, brings shocking visual effects; AI eye, super wide-angle magnetic camera, leading a new generation of rich intelligent experience; Smart dual-core, super computing power to bless the image quality of Honghu, making beauty more vital; Honghu eye protection, 86-inch support AG anti-glare function with double Rhine certification. ? ? ?

Huawei smart screen S3 Pro 65-inch 5999 yuan, Huawei smart screen S3 Pro75-inch 7999 yuan. The pre-sale started at 18:08 on April 17th, and officially went on sale at 10:08 on April 28th.

6. Huawei Smart Door Lock Series

Huawei’s smart door lock series 2.0 is updated, and the new AI 3D face recognition 2.0 increases the unlocking rate by 20%. It is not afraid of dark light and strong light to unlock, and the original dual-engine AI fingerprint algorithm can unlock the old and the young. New family care-message memo function, don’t forget important things when you go out! ? ? ?

Huawei smart door lock Pro costs 3699 yuan, and Huawei smart door lock costs 2499 yuan. It was officially launched at 20:00 on April 17th.

7. Huawei bracelet 8

Huawei’s lightest and thinnest big-screen smart bracelet to date, with a body of only 14g and a thickness of only 8.99mm；; Equipped with the newly upgraded HUAWEI TruSleep 3.0 sleep monitoring algorithm, wear Huawei bracelets and have a good night’s sleep! Support rich health monitoring functions such as automatic blood oxygen detection, women’s health management and all-day stress monitoring, and support users to participate in heart health research.

The standard version is 269 yuan, and the standard version of nylon braided strap is 279 yuan. The NFC version is 309 yuan, and the NFC version of the nylon braided strap is 319 yuan.

Pre-sale started at 18:08 on April 17th, officially launched at 10:08 on April 26th, and officially launched on May 31st.

8. AITO asks the M5 series Huawei Advanced Intelligent Driving Edition.

After asking the world M5, there were 279,800 cases. There are 299,800 M5 four-wheel drive intelligent driving versions.

There are 289,800 versions of M5 pure electric rear-drive intelligent driving. There are 309,800 versions of M5 pure electric four-wheel drive intelligent driving.

Open the pre-sale at 18:08 on April 17th.

9, AITO ask M9 series

For M9 extended range version/pure electric version, the unified pre-sale price range is 500,000-600,000, and the pre-sale will be started at 18:08 on April 17th.

10. Huawei Universal Charging Series Products

Huawei universal car charger (Max 88W) is 249 yuan, and Huawei universal car charger (Max 25W) is 119 yuan.

Huawei’s rock candy universal charger (SuperCharge Max 40 W) includes a data cable set of 169 yuan and a charger item of 139 yuan.

Huawei card universal charger (SuperCharge Max 66 W) costs 299 yuan.

Huawei universal charger (Max 88W) costs 249 yuan.

Huawei 12000 66W SuperCharge multi-protocol two-way super fast charging mobile power supply costs 399 yuan.

(reporting)

    Recently, the State Sports General Administration announced the second batch of national sports fitness model cities (districts) and national sports fitness model counties (cities, districts) were shortlisted, and 12 counties (cities, districts) including Qingdao, Dongying and Binzhou in Shandong Province and Zichuan District in Zibo City were shortlisted, ranking among the top in the country. Previously, Rizhao City, Chengyang District of Qingdao City and Boxing County of Binzhou City have been shortlisted for the first batch of national national fitness model cities and counties. Taking the exemplary creation as the starting point, the public service level of national fitness at all levels in the province has been continuously improved.

    At the same time, in accordance with the unified deployment of the province, cities actively promote new sports consumption, launch a number of characteristic sports events, create a number of outdoor sports quality products, launch a number of ice and snow sports demonstration projects, and create six excellent sports tourism routes at or above the provincial level.

    At present, the framework of Shandong national fitness system and the work pattern of "large groups" have been continuously improved. Create a "three-edge" sports belt along the Yellow River, the coast and the canal, and promote the integration of sports and education, sports and health, and sports and tourism in depth. Sports have made great progress in helping rural revitalization, and the national fitness atmosphere has become increasingly strong, and the quality of public services for national fitness has been comprehensively improved.

    Qiao Yunping, director of the Provincial Sports Bureau, said that this year we will continue to improve the construction of fitness facilities around the masses. Intensify the implementation of the short-board project of national fitness facilities, promote the supporting construction and daily management of sports facilities in urban residential areas, vigorously promote the implementation of the "four synchronizations" of community public sports facilities, and basically build a "fifteen-minute" fitness circle in urban communities in the province.

    Efforts have been made to expand the new carrier of national fitness and green convenience. Since the "14th Five-Year Plan", 77 large-scale sports parks have been built, renovated or expanded in our province, and the target tasks have been overfulfilled ahead of schedule, with a total of 165, and 15 more will be added during the year.

    In-depth promotion of national fitness facilities will be carried out, the maintenance and management of public fitness facilities will be promoted, and more than 100,000 pieces of sports equipment will be inspected and updated in time every year. At the same time, national fitness facilities such as intelligent fitness stations, intelligent fitness trails and national fitness halls will be vigorously built to continuously improve the level of intelligence.

    Guided by brand events, the national fitness events in our province are vigorously carried out. Last year, the National Fitness Games and the Winter National Fitness Games continued to be successfully held, with the number of participants exceeding 5 million, 13,000 community sports games, more than 50,000 mass sports events in the province, and the Shandong Intellectual Games and the Children’s Sports Conference were held for the first time.

    The construction of fitness facilities has been solidly promoted. The coverage rate of national fitness projects in counties and townships in the province has increased to 97.2%, and the per capita sports ground area in the province has reached 2.9 square meters. At present, the proportion of people who regularly take part in physical exercise in our province is 41.3%, and there are more than 48,000 sports social organizations and 258,000 social sports instructors at all levels.

    At present, all public stadiums and gymnasiums in the province and more than 2,000 school sports venues are open to the outside world. Coordinate central and provincial subsidies to support 136 public stadiums and gymnasiums to open to the public free of charge or at low fees, and set up more than 90 social supervisors for the opening of public stadiums and gymnasiums to continuously promote the standardized opening of public stadiums and gymnasiums and improve the service level.

    Rural sports continue to develop. The province has established 16 national and provincial demonstration bases for farmers’ physical fitness activities. In 2023, 4,091 "Four Games" of rural sports were held, and "Village Super" and "Village BA" and other events flourished everywhere.

    We will further promote the integration of sports and health, start 304 pilot projects of sports and health integration, and innovatively carry out the "Joint Action of Paying Attention to Adolescent Spinal Health". Regularly carry out national physical fitness testing, and provide testing and fitness guidance services to more than 100,000 people every year.

    At the same time, every year, our province carries out "Sports Volunteer and Civilized Practice", national fitness volunteer preaching, champion charity trip and other national fitness volunteer service activities, and has created 151 provincial-level national fitness volunteer service excellent sites. Forty-four projects were selected into the National Library of National Fitness Volunteer Service, and three projects were selected into the excellent cases of National Fitness Volunteer Service in 2023.

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　　　　CCTV.com News (Evening News): The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television released the Announcement on Spot Check of Internet Audio-visual Program Services today, and well-known video websites such as "Cat’s Video" and "Tudou.com" were punished for their violations.

　　　　The results of spot checks show that the Internet audio-visual programs provided by some websites contain obscenity, terror and violence, and endanger national security and interests. Some websites engage in Internet audio-visual program services without obtaining the License for Information Network Dissemination of Audio-visual Programs, some of which are not qualified for Internet information services, and some websites often disseminate audio-visual programs that do not meet the requirements of the state.

　　　　In response to the above problems, local radio and television departments have ordered 25 websites that engage in Internet audio-visual program services without authorization, such as cat-flapping videos and super BT downloads, and whose broadcast content is seriously illegal, to stop the unauthorized Internet audio-visual program services. 32 websites, such as Tudou.com, China BT Download Network and Xunlei Commune, which repeatedly spread illegal audio-visual programs, but the violations were minor, were given warning and punishment.

Editor: Peng Wei