上海夜生活

Xiaoling, 25, has had a menstrual cycle of more than 10 days since she was young. Later, after a one-time life, Xiaoling had recurrent vaginal inflammation. Xiaoling thought it was caused by her boyfriend, so after going to the hospital for gynecological examination, she didn’t expect to find out that she was a double vagina and a double uterus.

Xiaoling was very surprised. It is no wonder that since high school, her menstrual flow has been more than that of her peers. The confusion that has plagued her for many years has finally been solved. It turned out that it was all her uterus.

The doctor said that double uterus is not uncommon, but it is easy to be ignored.If women have problems such as long menstrual period, severe dysmenorrhea and abnormal vaginal discharge after menarche, it is best to check clearly as soon as possible to rule out the possibility of congenital malformation of reproductive tract.

The uterus is very special and important for women. It is a place for menstruation and pregnancy. Under normal circumstances, women only have one uterus, but there are also a few women who have the same as Xiaoling.Double uterus and vagina, clinically,This symptom is called oblique vaginal septum syndrome.

Vaginal oblique septum syndrome belongs to genital dysplasia.The main manifestations are congenital malformation of double cervix, double uterus, double vagina and complete or incomplete atresia of one vagina., mostly accompanied by atresia of vaginal urinary system malformation.

Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xijiao

The cause of oblique vaginal septum syndrome in women is related to the embryonic development process. Both hermaphroditic embryos have two sets of reproductive ducts, namely the mesonephric duct and the accessory mesonephric duct.About six weeks after embryonic development, the accessory mesonephros on both sides gradually develop female reproductive organs (uterus, fallopian tube and upper vagina) after complete fusion. In addition, the accessory mesonephros develop into urogenital sinus at the fourth week, which not only forms the kidney, but also induces the accessory mesonephros to fuse.

Once the development of the mesonephric duct is interrupted, the accessory mesonephric duct will also be affected, but because the other side is still developing normally, it will eventually lead to the consequences of asymmetric reproductive tract complicated with urinary system malformation, that is, the problem of double uterus.

At present, clinical oblique vaginal septum syndrome is mainly divided into three types.

Type I is a non-porous oblique septum type.: it usually occurs after menarche.Dysmenorrhea (progressive aggravation)The main manifestation is that the menstrual blood on the oblique septum can not be fully discharged, and the menstrual blood may flow back into the abdominal cavity, leading to pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic abscess and other secondary infections.

Type ⅱ is a perforated oblique partition type:Mainly manifested as followsProlonged menstrual cycle, endless menstrual dripping and brown secretion.Or complicated with infection, resulting in pus in the posterior compartment, and the secretion is purulent with odor.

Type ⅲ is the type of imperforate oblique septum combined with cervical fistula.: the patient’s menstrual period is prolonged,A small number of vaginal bleeding or purulent secretions.If not treated in time, it will further cause gynecological problems such as acute pelvic inflammatory disease or pelvic cyst.

In fact, it is hard for ordinary people to imagine the situation of double uterus. If the double uterus is diagnosed, the patient himself will be surprised and afraid. Does the double uterus have an impact on life?

Double uterus and double vagina patientsIf there is no discomfortThere are no problems such as menstrual blood retention,It has little effect on sexual life.However, if one vagina develops normally and the other vagina fails to develop, it may cause pain or bleeding if a man enters the undeveloped vagina in the same room.

Secondly, is pregnancy risky? Compared with normal women,It is difficult for women with double uterus to get pregnant, and the risk of danger during pregnancy will be higher than that of normal women., such as spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy; In the second trimester of pregnancy, the uterus is unable to resist the rising intrauterine pressure, and it is also easy to have miscarriage or premature delivery; In late pregnancy, due to the narrow uterine cavity and limited fetal activity, there is a high possibility of abnormal fetal position, which may cause placental abruption, premature rupture of membranes, postpartum hemorrhage and other problems.

Finally, will twins be born in double uterus?The probability of pregnant twins in patients with double uterus is the same as that in normal women.The twin uterus is caused by the failure to fuse the accessory mesonephros in time when the embryo divides, and the twins are fertilized by two eggs or the fertilized eggs split into two fertilized eggs. There is no direct relationship between them.

Generally, there is no discomfort in the body, and few women will take the initiative to do gynecological examinations. Once the problems like double uterus and double vagina are detected, they will be nervous and worried. If you check the double uterus, what treatment methods are there?

• surgical treatment

Surgery is the most common method to treat double uterus, which reconnects the divided uterus through surgery, thus helping the uterus to return to its normal shape. Surgery needs to be decided according to the patient’s condition. Generally, general anesthesia is needed, and postoperative wound care and rehabilitation and recovery training should be paid attention to.

• medication

Medication can also be considered for double uterus, such as using hormone drugs to regulate menstrual cycle, so as to alleviate the problems of dysmenorrhea and irregular menstruation in double uterus.

• physiotherapy

Physical therapy can be carried out with the help of professional doctors, including acupuncture and massage, with the aim of helping to relieve dysmenorrhea and improve menstrual discomfort.

• Psychological support

Double uterus is not a rare disease, but the process of treating double uterus is long, and patients will feel great pressure. Therefore, medical care should give patients support, help and answer doubts in the treatment of God, and pay attention to patients’ emotional changes.

Oblique vaginal septum syndrome sounds terrible, but it has little effect on getting married and having children. Women should pay more attention to their health at ordinary times, and it is best to have gynecological examinations regularly to achieve early detection and treatment of diseases.

References:

[1] "Congenital kidney deficiency! Abdominal pain is unbearable! Let’s take a look at how to diagnose and treat vaginal oblique septum syndrome. . Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2023-03-09

[2] "Does a woman’s double vagina affect normal pregnancy and childbirth? Family doctor online, June 18, 2014

[3] "The 24-year-old girl found two vaginas and double uterus? Doctors speak frankly: it’s rare to be in business for many years. Dr. Zou Lisha. 2023-04-12.

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The new rise of science and technology has also created the heyday of an era. With the growth of the global population, it has promoted the progress and development of industry invisibly based on the need for convenience. The problem of food and clothing for modern people has been basically solved, and the experience brought by science and technology has become people’s spiritual food, bringing more fun and convenience to life.

Looking at the past, no matter from the industrial field or the consumer electronics field, the thinking and manufacturing power of the Internet is relatively backward, and the consumption power is weak, so the application scale of electronic connectors is very different from the present situation. With the opening of the Internet, the new promotion of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things has greatly changed the life around us.

Intuitive changes that can reflect the development of science and technology are constantly being popularized in life, and the application of smart home makes people sigh! Smart refrigerators, smart TVs, smart washing machines, smart speakers, smart lighting, smart air conditioners, smart door locks, intelligent curtain, etc., with the empowerment of the Internet of Things, have the ability to connect to the network, and have gradually become the new focus of the development of the Internet of Things in 2019.

The application of electronic connectors wins in the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence.

In the field of consumer electronics, whether it is smart home, service robot or smart wear, with the development trend of intelligence, the application of electronic connectors has increased dramatically, showing an unprecedented good trend, which is a new height for the past.

The application of electronic connectors wins in the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence.

According to authoritative statistics, the development of the Internet of Things is growing at an annual rate of 25%. It is estimated that by 2024, the market scale of the Internet of Things is expected to exceed 2.2 trillion yuan. Secondly, the application of the Internet of Things is more extensive, and it penetrates deeply in many industries such as electric power, transportation, industry, medical care, security and so on. In this new field, it will be a new blue ocean for the electronic connector market!

These are some of Xiaobian’s opinions. Readers can also discuss with Xiaobian what they think later.

Nowadays, artificial intelligence gradually integrates with human senses such as sound and vision, making communication between people more convenient. However, it is still challenging to integrate artificial intelligence with human touch.

To solve this problem, Meta AI and Carnegie Mellon University successfully developed a multifunctional, replaceable and durable tactile skin, and named it ReSkin. It can quickly improve the tactile sensing accuracy and sensitivity of the machine in the application process.

(Source:Proceedings of Machine Learning Research )

Related papers are titled "Multifunctional, Replaceable and Lasting Touch Skin" (ReSkin：versatile，replaceable，lasting tactile skins) published in [1].

Matai visiting researcher Raunaq Buhanlan (Raunaq Bhirangi), Tess Hellebrex, postdoctoral fellow and scientist of Pittsburgh Yuan Artificial Intelligence Research Center (Tess Hellebrekers), Mel Majdi, Professor of Robotics Institute of Carnegie Mellon University (Carmel Majidi), Abbina Gupta, Associate Professor of Robotics Institute of Carnegie Mellon University (Abhinav Gupta) is the author of the paper.

It is mentioned in the paper that ReSkin relies on machine learning technology and magnetic sensing technology, and has the advantages of being cheap, multifunctional, durable and replaceable. Specifically, ReSkin has low production cost, only 2-3mm thick, and can interact with the machine model more than 50,000 times. In addition, it has a high spatial-temporal resolution with an accuracy of 90%.Figure | ReSkin is the size of a coin and easy to manufacture (Source:PMLR)

Thin and high-precision specifications make it suitable for all kinds of machines, such as robot hands, tactile gloves, arm sleeves, etc. For specific processes, ReSkin can also provide tactile signals (high frequency) for the sliding, throwing, catching and clapping operations of the machine.

When Reskin is applied to different products, a large amount of relevant data will be generated, which can help researchers improve their tactile perception ability in AI systems.

Figure | Frequency changes of sensors applying ReSkin under different magnetic fields (Source:Proceedings of Machine Learning Research)

For example, ReSkin is an elastic sheet that can change its shape and contains magnetic particles. When its shape changes, it will release different magnetic signals. Researchers can use magnetometer to measure these changes, and use data-driven technology to convert the measured data into information such as contact position and applied force.

At present, many tactile sensing experiments are limited to one sensor level. This is because every time ReSkin is replaced, the machine needs to build a new model, which reduces the transmission efficiency.

Moreover, in different scenarios, each sensor needs to be thoroughly calibrated with the initial calibration procedure to match its individual response. This means that the calibration procedure must also adapt to these changes. In addition, as time goes by, soft skin like ReSkin will deform and need to be replaced, so it is difficult to popularize and apply it to different interactive scenarios.

In order to simplify the replacement process of Reskin, the researchers made innovations in three aspects.

Firstly, the researcher separates the internal circuit of the sensor from the passive interface, and does not need to be electrically connected with the traditional measuring electronic equipment. This operation effectively improves the sensitivity of the sensor, and it is as simple as sticking a sticker when replacing worn ReSkin.

Secondly, the researchers use the output data of several sensors to improve the model mapping. Through this operation, researchers can use a higher data diversity training model. This helps the sensor to output more effective and generalized data.

Thirdly, thanks to the self-supervised learning mode of the machine, researchers don’t have to collect calibration data for each new sensor, but use a small amount of unlabeled data to automatically fine-tune the sensor.

It is known that the existing camera-based tactile sensor requires a very small contact distance between the surface and the camera, which leads to a heavier machine. In contrast, ReSkin can cover the hands and arms of humans and robots, which facilitates researchers to develop multifunctional, expandable and inexpensive tactile modules. This is impossible for the existing artificial intelligence tactile system.

In order to highlight the practical value of ReSkin and show its unique charm of promoting the development of artificial intelligence, researchers apply it to different machine scenes. From grasping tiny objects to measuring the force exerted by the dog’s feet, from building a continuous ReSkin with wide coverage to measuring the field contact force, ReSkin has shown its extremely high flexibility and practicality.

Although researchers have demonstrated the technical advantages of ReSkin in contact location and force prediction, ReSkin still has great development potential in the future.

The experiment of this paper is based on the single-point contact of the machine, and the goal of scientists is to further study the application of ReSkin under multi-point contact. Another interesting future development direction is to specifically analyze the influence of external magnetic field and metal objects on ReSkin’s perception ability.

In addition, based on ReSkin’s high time resolution of 400Hz, researchers can make use of this advantage and use dynamic time series data to create better machine models. In a word, scientists believe that ReSkin will promote the machine’s touch perception ability and be able to apply it to practice.

References:

1.https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.00071

2.https://ai.facebook.com/blog/reskin-a-versatile-replaceable-low-cost-skin-for-ai-research-on-tactile-perception/