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Special topic: news channel special program commemorating the 30th anniversary of reform and opening up.

Enter [Chao Wen Tian Xia] > >

　　　　CCTV News (Chao Wen Tian Xia): Today we will talk about taking pictures. People in China like to take pictures. Now, people can be seen holding all kinds of digital cameras and camcorders on any occasion, and they can take pictures on their mobile phones all the time. But 30 years ago, taking pictures was an expensive thing, and families had to wear the most beautiful clothes to take a group photo.

　　　　This photo was left in 2007. A group of old photographers and old customers in Nanjing got together again, and the old master took pictures of the customers with the old seagull license plate camera. Look at the master’s hand. This is a film box. Every time you take a picture, you have to change it. The red cloth is used for shading. Moreover, most of these cameras can only take black and white photos, and the requirements for lighting are very high. Now it is not easy to see such a scene.

　　　　With such a machine, film is very precious, and there is usually only one chance to take a photo, which also requires a high degree of photographers. Unlike now, photographers will take many samples and customers can choose at will. What the master holds in his right hand is actually the shutter of a camera. Experienced photographers will observe it carefully, and then they will seize the opportunity to pinch the ball, even if they are photographed. At that time, people were all amazed at this thing, and vividly called this kind of photo "pinch shadow".

　　　　改革开放初期，国营照相馆大多使用这样的座机，这是上世纪70年代末，北京王府井大街南口的中国照相馆，当年，中国照相馆这个响亮的字号闻名中外，门前常常会看到，一大早就有几百人在这里排队等候照像，但每天只发放200个号，如果拍四张黑白照片，大概需要100多块钱，那是很多职工三四个月的工资。

　　　　这幅照片拍摄于1985年11月，很多国内游客在黄山观看西海日落的景象，仔细看看，几乎所有游客都在静静地观赏，而只有两个人在摆弄着手中的照相机拍风景，（点大）看左边这位，应该是一架“海鸥120”照相机，拍摄起来要从上面取景，一个黑白胶卷能拍摄十几张照片。

　　　　这种120型相机，现在已经不多见了，但在上世纪80年代，是个稀罕物。至少要花掉两个月的工资，而且还不容易买到。如果谁家拥有这么一台照相机，那感觉决不亚于现在拥有一部豪华私家车。

　　　　这是上世纪80年代中期的天安门广场。这样的场景，大家最熟悉不过了。天安门城楼前的照片，是那个年代大家共同的回忆。

　　　　当时，没有多少人自己带着相机去拍照，所以，天安门广场就出现了专门为游客照相的摊档，明码标价。这照片冲洗出来需要一段时间，外地人拍完后，只能先回家等着，大概一个星期后，照片连同底片才寄到顾客的家里。

　　　　再后来，政策宽松了，专门从事照像的个体户出现了，这些个体户机动灵活，像这个摊主，随身带着相框，里面是各种各样的示范照片，谁想拍什么背景、全身半身，都可以按图索骥，选择余地更大了。

　　　　再来看一些过去人们留下的照片。那时，大家重视拍照这事儿，甚至搞的像个仪式。无论孩子还是老人，一定会规规矩矩或站或坐，认真地听从摄影师的摆布，而最常听到的话是：坐好别动，别眨眼，笑一笑……不过，通常这样的指令发出之后，被拍摄者的表情就更严肃了。

　　　　虽然物质条件还不允许，但人们还是想方设法，让自己的黑白照片变得富有色彩。于是，照相馆推出了所谓的“彩色照相”，也就是在黑白照上手工上色。价格要贵上好几倍，而且要一个多月才能拿到。据说，那时有手巧的年轻人，就自己动手绘制彩色照片，先要给照片上涂抹一层牙膏，然后细细地上色，挺出彩的。

　　　　Time entered the mid-1980s, and more and more new things entered China with the reform and opening-up. The appearance of color film changed the photos from black and white to colorful. The stars in all kinds of picture books have become role models for women who love beauty. The white and flawless skin of the stars makes women envy them. Later, I learned that it can be achieved through darkroom processing. For a time, "hazy photos" became popular, and it was necessary to "be as beautiful as a star".

　　　　At that time, photographers took a lot of thoughts to get the effect of "hazy photos", such as coating a thin layer of vaseline in front of the camera, or covering it with a layer of stockings, and matching with appropriate lighting. Needless to say, the effect is really good.

　　　　This was sent to us by an audience friend. It was a family photo of their family in 1983. As you can see, the photo studio at that time also changed a lot. The studio was no longer a monotonous gray background, and the background decoration had a home atmosphere. At that time, the home phone was still very fresh, and photographers who understood people’s minds put the phone there as props.

　　　　This is Beihai Park in Beijing in 1980. At that time, the technology of rapid roll-up attracted young men and women with wet film in their hands everywhere in the park. People were carrying film and looking at wet film, and the scene of rushing to print was like a landscape.

　　　　At that time, there were domestic Le Kai color films, the price of which was half cheaper than that of imported Kodak and Fuji, and there were many color photos in the streets. The business was very hot. If you were quick, you could get your own photos in one day.

　　　　However, this situation lasted for a few years, and the business of street photo booths gradually became deserted. Because people are becoming familiar with a kind of camera called "Fool", even those who have never studied photography just need to press the shutter. The key is that the "fool" is cheap and good, and books on how to use the fool camera are also very popular. From this time on, the camera has become one of the necessary tools for daily entertainment and leisure in many ordinary families.

　　　　This is the first digital camera successfully developed by China in 1998 ―― "Seagull DC-33". At the end of 1990s, the concept of digital appeared, and digital cameras became popular rapidly. A small magnetic card could actually replace dozens of films, and the cost of printing shops kept decreasing.

　　　　Nowadays, when people buy cameras, they are concerned about whether there are not tens of millions of pixels, whether the body and lens are anti-shake, whether the brand is famous enough, the camera’s function is becoming more and more powerful, and the body is becoming more and more exquisite. Such a scene, any scenic spot, is more common.

　　　　In many photographic equipment stores, the past "fool" cameras and color films have gradually faded out of the counter, and a few film cameras have become sharp weapons for photography enthusiasts. The past dual-lens cameras have also become the favorite of the collection market. The old gentleman in Hangzhou has collected more than 1100 cameras.

　　　　There are memories between square inches, old photos let us taste the popularity and fashion of the year, and the upgrading of electronic consumer products such as cameras makes people realize the changes of the times and life.

Editor: Wei Yu

　　On August 10th, there was a soaking rain in Hongyang country, Haiyuan County, zhongwei City, Ningxia.

　　Yang Hongqin, a villager in Anbao Village, walked out of her yard. She looked at the moon mountain covered with green mountains and sighed that the rain has been getting better and better in recent years, and it rained almost once a week recently. When the vegetation is lush, small animals such as ground squirrels, pheasants, rabbits and so on are "hidden" by thick vegetation.

　　At one time, the soil on the slope couldn’t hold any moisture, and the 5-inch-long weasel could see clearly from the hillside. It was a time when one side of the soil and water couldn’t support one side. Cao Yuhu, the "shopkeeper" of Yang Hongqin’s family, was playing weasel with the villagers on this barren slope at that time. Although it was interesting, the life was sad.

　　There is little rain, and potatoes, which are the "protagonists" of mountain people’s diet, are sometimes never harvested, not to mention wheat and beans. This year, in the 15-mu potato field in Yang Hongqin’s home, the roots are half a person’s height, and the purple and white potato flowers are arranged neatly.

Yang Hongqin works with all kinds of fresh vegetables in her garden. Zhang heshe

　　"The thicker the potato vine, the bigger it is, indicating that the potato grows better. In recent years, the rain has been good, and the soil here is mainly black loessial soil and calcareous soil. The rainfall is mainly concentrated in July, August and September. The precipitation law is consistent with the potato tuber expansion period, which is very conducive to potato yield increase. " Pang Shenggang, secretary of the Party branch of Anbao Village, introduced.

　　Although October is the potato harvest season, at this time, Pang Shenggang’s tone is firm: potatoes will definitely be harvested this year. Some potatoes dug out of the ground not long ago are big.

　　In the past two years, Hongyang Township has built a potato seed breeding base in Machang Natural Village, Anbao Village, to realize self-propagation and self-sufficiency of high-quality virus-free seed potatoes. Looking at Hongyang Township, the whole township takes potatoes as the leading industry, and has built nearly 6,000 mu of potato first-class seed potato promotion demonstration zone, with a total of 58,000 mu of potato planting, an increase of more than 10,000 mu over last year.

　　The increase of potato income is inseparable from the integration of new technologies and the promotion of new varieties, but it is also inseparable from the weather. Potato is a dry crop, but there is also a demand for rain. With less rain, the yield of potato is low, and the yield is naturally affected. In recent years, Hongyang Township has continuously promoted the potato industry. In addition to being suitable for planting potatoes, the increasing rainfall year by year has also increased the confidence of Hongyang people in planting potatoes.

Under the moon, grass grows and warblers fly. Zhang heshe

　　Xihaigu is short of water, and Hongyang Township is no exception.

　　Once, it was the collective memory of the villagers that the rain could not be stored and the soil erosion was serious. A flood in 1989 was firmly "nailed" in the memory of Yin Xuefeng, deputy head of Hongyang Township. The flood poured down the mountain, reaching the deepest point of 2 meters, which made many farmers’ water cellars "overflow". After the flood, except for the washed-out crops and silted rivers, the hills are still desolate.

　　When will this bitter day end? The change began around 2003, when the villagers were told to close the mountain to prohibit grazing and not to put sheep on the mountain. Since October 2002, all cities and counties in Ningxia have started to close grazing. By 2003, the whole region had closed mountains to close grazing, and 3.8 million shepherds had been released "down the mountain", and domestic animals and sheep had been kept in captivity.

Under the moon, grass grows and warblers fly. Zhang heshe

　　At first, some villagers didn’t understand that after so many years, who can change the soil and water in this area? However, the power of time proves everything.

　　Over the years, Hongyang Township has returned 50,000 mu of farmland to forests, managed 13.6 kilometers of rivers, and continued to implement the policy of grazing prohibition and enclosure. Through specific measures such as changing sloping fields into terraces and keeping water from going downhill, the ecology will be restored. The villagers gradually discovered that the once barren hills and slopes were covered with vegetation, and the ecological migration was also taken over by nature. The most intuitive embodiment is that the rainfall is increasing year by year, and the average rainfall in previous years is 300— 400 mm, since 2016, the rainfall has become more abundant, reaching 750 mm in 2019, forming a unique regional microclimate, leaning against Nanhua Mountain in the north, and the mountains and rivers in Hongyang Township are flying.

　　Cao Yuhu and Yang Hongqin took off the "hat" of the poor households who set up the card through policy assistance and hard work, and built a new house in 2018. Today, more than 70 sheep and 15 acres of potato land are the stable sources of income at home. Cao Yuhu works odd jobs in the village with the welding skills learned in the skills training class organized by the village. Three children grow up and go to school outside, and their lives are full of flavor. "Now let’s drive the sheep up the mountain. I won’t do it. I can’t bear to part with such a beautiful mountain." Yang Hongqin said.

　　Duan Fuqiang, Party Secretary of Hongyang Township, said, "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets. Through persistent ecological restoration, the improvement of the ecological environment that the people really feel directly drives farmers to increase their income. In the future, we will continue to lead the masses to a well-off society and live a better life by improving the ecology. " (Correspondent Zhang Heguang Daily, all-media reporter Zhang Wenpan)

According to the "Time Battlefield" theory, time has become a scarce resource that companies compete for. How to make full use of the two hours people spend in their cars every day? Business opportunities are often hidden in the interactive experience in mobile scenes.

In-depth interaction is inseparable from the observation of users’ needs, and the language barrier naturally becomes the first hurdle to be overcome. In terms of in-vehicle interaction, Iflytek has carried out multilingual project cooperation with many domestic marine car providers such as SAIC, Changan and Chery, covering dozens of languages such as English, Japanese, Thai, Spanish and Italian.

On February 23, 2023, at the 2023 China Auto and Parts Summit Forum hosted by Gai Shi Automobile, Zhang Ruizhi, deputy director of Iflytek Intelligent Interactive Product Line, introduced that Iflytek’s multilingual voice interaction scheme has three characteristics: modularity, interactive localization and feature enrichment. Modularity can help car companies configure voice assistants in a weak network or even no network environment; Localization means that the phonetic corpus is all provided by native speakers to ensure the user experience; Enrichment means that there are enough functional modules and phonetic features to support different functional realization.

Zhang Ruizhi | Deputy Director of Iflytek Intelligent Interactive Product Line

The following is the content of the speech:

As a well-known artificial intelligence enterprise, Iflytek has been deeply involved in the automobile industry for more than 20 years, with profound product technology and customer accumulation. At present, in addition to helping domestic vehicle intelligent schemes and solutions to upgrade, the pace of internationalization of Iflytek has never stopped. At the earliest, we established cooperation with well-known universities and laboratories abroad, then discussed standards with well-known foreign institutions in the industry, and now, we are cooperating with many car companies to do overseas multilingual intelligent voice system projects.

At present, in the process of internationalization, we have achieved the landing and mass production of many products. Today, I want to share with you the theme of Iflytek Intelligent Vehicle Multilingual Interactive System, which helps Chinese cars go to sea.

User-experience-centered closed-loop voice interaction

The first part will be used as an introduction to substitute everyone into the closed-loop scene of voice interaction centered on user experience. At present, time has become a scarce resource that companies compete for. In our daily life, on average, we spend about two hours in the car every day. What can we do in these two hours? Is such a long time a happiness or a burden for us? At present, the intelligent network has covered the whole scene of life in the car, and both the car companies and the suppliers’ colleagues are making efforts in the field of intelligent cockpit.

In recent years, the development and breakthrough of artificial intelligence technology has realized the landing of many scenes, and at the same time, the landing of scenes has also brought about the improvement of vehicle intelligence and personalization. Nowadays, the concept of car has evolved into an intelligent mobile space. In this process, we will expect the car to become our partner, so it is very important for the car to understand us and communicate with us.

At present, the main entrance of intelligent interaction scene is voice, so it is very important to make voice understandable, but it is not easy to do this. In order to make human-computer interaction smoother, more natural and safer, we must first create a closed-loop technology, and Iflytek has achieved a closed-loop technology in voice technology. On this basis, we have also done a lot of in-depth interactive experience thinking in the automobile scene.

What kind of interaction is what we want? I think, first of all, it is simple, and what can be solved in one sentence goes without saying two words, and then it is intelligent, safe and humanized.

Image source: Iflytek

Under this framework, the overall solution of Iflytek voice is also developing gradually. At first, we need to activate the voice function by pressing keys or voice wake-up. Later, it evolved into direct command and interaction, and then developed to the present "visible and spoken". Voice interaction has become more and more important in the process of intelligent cockpit and vehicle intelligence, and the voice interaction mode has been evolving.

Using multilingual products as boosters to help national cars go to sea.

There are many weapons and bright spots for Chinese cars to go out to sea, and intelligence is bound to be one of the sharp weapons for Chinese cars to go out to sea at present. At present, the "killing" in the domestic market is already fierce. Under such circumstances, we hope to open up overseas markets by virtue of the intelligent advantages of domestic vehicles.

Voice is playing an increasingly important role in automobile intelligence, and intelligent voice system has gradually become the standard of smart cars. At present, Iflytek adopts the latest generation of overseas "cloud+terminal" automotive intelligent interaction solution, and has actually deployed many cloud sites overseas, which can connect with more information sources, thus enhancing the overseas automotive voice interaction experience.

If our overall plan is summed up in three phrases, it is

Scheme modularization, interactive localization and feature enrichment

.

The scheme is modular, that is, it can provide the overall solution of cloud+terminal, and can also be disassembled flexibly according to customer’s needs, thus ensuring that the car also has intelligent voice interaction function in foreign weak network and no network environment.

Secondly, interaction localization, all the phonetic materials in our scheme are provided by native speakers, so as to ensure that the overall experience and design of phonetic interaction conform to local language habits.

Third, the speech features are rich. Although the speech seems to be a small module, in fact, the speech module alone contains modules such as recognition, awakening and synthesis. In fact, there are different phonetic features under each module, and only enough phonetic features can support the upper layer to create more interactive experiences.

As an artificial intelligence company, Iflytek has accumulated enough experience and technology in related fields, especially under the advantage of our voice function, and has made many achievements. In terms of overseas multilingualism, Iflytek has won the first prize in international multilingual related competitions for many times in the past two years.

In terms of technology, we insist on independent research and development. At present, Iflytek Group reserves as many as 60+ overseas languages, covering nearly 100 countries and regions around the world. At present, Iflytek has the ability of 10+ overseas mainstream languages in the automobile field, which can cover countries and regions where the current automobile factories go to sea, such as Europe, the Middle East, South America, Southeast Asia, etc., and it is expected to reach 30+ languages within three years.

We have rich practical production experience overseas. At present, Iflytek has cooperated with many car companies such as SAIC, Chery, Chang ‘an and Great Wall. Many overseas best-selling models have been equipped with Xunfei voice, and mass production has been realized in Europe, South America and the Middle East, so that the world can hear the voice from China.

Iflytek hopes to join hands with eco-partners in the industry to create a high-quality intelligent travel experience.

(The above content comes from the keynote speech "Intelligent Vehicle Multilingual Voice Interaction System Helps Independent Brands Go to Sea" delivered by Zhang Ruizhi, Deputy Director of Iflytek Intelligent Interactive Product Line at the 2023 China Automobile and Parts Summit Forum hosted by Gaspar on February 23rd, 2023. )

Inspired by recent biological discoveries, researchers have developed a new model that shows enhanced memory performance. This is achieved by modifying a classic neural network. Computer models play a key role in studying the process of making and retaining memories and other complex information in the brain. However, building this model is a delicate task.

The intricate interaction between electrical and biochemical signals and the connection network between neurons and other cell types create the basic structure for the formation of memory. Nevertheless, due to the limited understanding of the basic biology of the brain, it has proved to be a difficult task to code the complex biology of the brain into a computer model for further study.

Researchers at Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) improved the widely used memory computer model (called Hopfield Network) by incorporating biological insights. This change has inspired a neural network, which not only better reflects the connection between neurons and other cells in the brain, but also has the ability to store more memories.

Thomas Burns, a doctoral student in the group of Professor Zhishu Shenjing, who is the head of OIST’s neurocoding and brain computing department, said that the increased complexity in the network makes it more realistic.

"Why is there so much complexity in biology? Memory may be one reason, "Mr. Burns said.

In the classical Hopfield network (left), each neuron (I, J, K, L) is connected with other neurons in pairs. In the improved network made by Burns and Professor Shenjing, three or more groups of neurons can be connected at the same time. Source: Thomas Burns (OIST)

Hopfield network stores memory as a weighted connection pattern between different neurons in the system. The network is "trained" to encode these patterns, and then researchers can test its memory of these patterns by presenting a series of vague or incomplete patterns to see if the network can recognize them as patterns it already knows. However, in the classical Hopfield network, the neurons in the model are connected with other neurons in the network to form a series of so-called "paired" connections.

Paired connections represent the connection between two neurons at the synapse, which is the connection point between two neurons in the brain. But in reality, neurons have complex branching structures called dendrites, which provide multiple connection points, so the brain relies on more complex synaptic arrangements to complete its cognitive work. In addition, the connections between neurons are regulated by other cell types called astrocytes.

Burns explained: "There are only paired connections between neurons in the brain, which is simply unrealistic. He created an improved Hopfield network, in which not only pairs of neurons, but also three, four or more groups of neurons can be connected, such as astrocytes and dendritic trees in the brain. "

Although the new network allows these so-called "collective" connections, on the whole, it contains the same number of connections as before. The researchers found that a hybrid network with paired connections and collective connections performed best and retained the most memory. They estimate that its effect is more than twice that of the traditional Hopfield network.

It turns out that you actually need to balance the combination of various features to some extent, Burns said. A single synapse is necessary, but you should also need some dendritic trees and some astrocytes.

Hopfield networks are very important for simulating brain processes, but they also have powerful other uses. For example, a very similar network type called Transformers is a language tool based on artificial intelligence, such as ChatGPT, so the improvements identified by Burns and Professor Shenjing may also make such tools more powerful.

Burns and his colleagues plan to continue to study their modified Hopfield networks to make them more powerful. For example, in the brain, the connection strength between neurons is usually different in two directions, so researchers want to know whether this asymmetric feature can also improve the performance of the network. In addition, he also wants to explore ways to make the memories of the network interact, just as they do in the human brain. Our memory is multifaceted and huge. We still have a lot to discover. "

Messi assists Mbappé in the lore.

In the early morning of March 12th, Beijing time, brest played at home in the 27th round of Ligue 1 against Paris Saint-Germain. As there are probably four relegation teams in Ligue 1 this season, brest ranks 15th, but only one point ahead of the relegation zone. In terms of total value, the Paris team is as high as 890 million, while brest is only 80 million.

In the 37th minute of the game, Messi instigated the attack, and Mbappé shot hard and was saved, but the ball was not far away, and Sohler made up the shot to break the goal.

In the 44th minute, brest got the chance through a simple long pass, and Hornot faced the defense of the two men and shot from a small angle to equalize the score.

In the 90th minute, Messi sent a wonderful assist, Mbappé passed the goalkeeper and finished the lore. Messi completed the milestone of 300 assists and Mbappé scored 2000 goals.

In the end, Paris beat brest 2-1 away, got rid of the depression of the Champions League and ushered in a four-game winning streak.

At 22: 30 pm on March 11th, Bayern beat augsburg 5-3 in the 24th round of the Bundesliga.

In the second minute, Berisha turned and shot low, hitting the ball into the lower right corner of the goal. Sommer couldn’t save it, and Bayern scored 0-1.

In the 16th minute, Sane divided the ball to the right in front of the penalty area. Cancelo caught the ball and entered the penalty area. He swung past the defender’s right foot and volleyed at a small angle. Bayern equalized the score 1-1.

In the 19th minute, Manet passed the ball with a barb on the right side of the penalty area, and pawar shot the ball in front of the door. Bayern overtook augsburg 2-1.

In the 35th minute, Bayern’s right corner kicked into the penalty area, and Delicht grabbed the header in the middle, and the goalkeeper flew to save the ball. pawar’s right foot volley in front of the door scored twice, and Bayern scored 3-1 augsburg.

In the 45th minute, Manet volleyed his left foot from the restricted area and was saved. Sanet headed into the empty net in front of the door, and Bayern led augsburg 4-1.

In the 55th minute, Berisha took the penalty. He tricked Sommer into hitting the right side of the goal and scored twice. augsburg was 2-4 behind Bayern.

In the 74th minute, Bayern made a reactionary fast break after stealing in the frontcourt. Cancelo passed the back point on the right side of the penalty area, Alfonso Davidson volleyed the goal, and Bayern led augsburg 5-2.

In the 93rd minute, Vargas made a high-speed dash with the ball on the left, and came to the front of the bottom line on the left side of the penalty area. cardona followed him and scored a goal. augsburg scored 3-5 Bayern.

Bayern started: 27- Sommer, 2- Yu Pamekano, 4- Driget (83′ 23-Blind), 5- pawar, 19- Alfonso-Davies (77′ 40- Mazravi), 22- Cancelo, 6- kimmich, 7- Gnabry (71′ 25-Muller).

Augsburg starting: 1- Ji Chivici, 2- Gumny (46′ 22-Yago), 6- Gouweleeuw, 23- Bauer, 3- pedersen, 27- engers (46′ 13- Rexbeke), 14- Baumgartlinger, 10-A- Mayer (77′ 34

Founded in 2018, Wuhan Xianshi Technology Co., Ltd. is a technology-driven company. Its business segments include shared charging treasure, shared charging pile, unmanned container, life service, aggregate payment business, cloud computing and other industrial fields. With independent development capability, strong technical team, customer service team and rich experience in operation and promotion management, we are committed to the research and development of Internet technology and artificial intelligence equipment.

The city’s fresh technology sharing WiFi pays more attention to landing operation, which means that your customers are the end customers. All you have to do is push the ground, invite the merchants to settle in, and open the Wi-Fi code for the merchants (replace the Wi-Fi in the store). Paste the Wi-Fi code corresponding to the merchant according to the number of tables in the merchant’s store.

The business entry system is also divided into shares, which is quite attractive to developers or platform operators. Entering this area is completed by developers, because developers promote business entry with a share of profits.

For the platform operator, as long as the customers in the store scan the code to link WiFi successfully, you will get a profit, and this part of the profit is calculated automatically. Your profit is settled by Tencent’s traffic, and the following will form the effect of automatic operation. When others connect WiFi, you will get a profit, and the system operator will just enjoy the profit.