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China Software announced on February 25th that it plans to issue no more than 90,130,600 shares to the company’s actual controller, China Electronics and Information Industry Group Co., Ltd. (China Electronics) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, CLP Jintou Holdings Co., Ltd. (CLP Jintou), with a fixed fundraising of no more than 2 billion yuan, which will be used for the research and development of mobile and fixed terminal operating system products, the research and development of cloud-oriented server operating system products and the construction of embedded operating system capability platform.

　　When the society is still debating whether minors should ban smart phones, it is undeniable that mobile phones have become an important tool in children’s lives, which not only provides the benefit of convenient contact, but also has the harm of being addicted to games. Some minors register dating software and step into the dating territory that belongs to adults; Some children even blindly expand their circle of friends by pushing friends through WeChat, which opens a dangerous door. In the interview, the reporter found that in reality, there have been many cases in which minors have been sexually assaulted by others through making friends through mobile APP and WeChat.

　　case

　　High school girls’ mobile phone friends were molested.

　　A few months ago, Xiaoya, a high school girl, met Xiao Tao, a boy two years older than herself, through a mobile dating APP. Looking at the other person’s head, Xiaoya inevitably had a good impression on him. Across the screen, the two people’s behavior and words and deeds are also less scruples, and even some ambiguous words and deeds. After a few days of chatting on dating software, the two met in a big shopping mall.

　　However, meeting is not as famous as meeting. Xiao Tao’s appearance is far from the avatar on dating software, and even a little rustic. Xiaoya was unhappy and ignored Xiao Tao’s love, playing games in the video game area by herself.

　　In fact, 17-year-old Xiao Tao secretly went to work in the city from other places without telling his parents, and just found a job. Making friends by mobile phone has become an important way for him to integrate into the life of big cities. Xiao Tao is full of expectations for this meeting and is looking forward to a beautiful relationship. Looking at Xiaoya’s back playing games, he couldn’t help hugging Xiaoya from behind. I didn’t think about it, but I was strongly resisted and sternly reprimanded by Xiaoya.

　　Xiao Tao was poured a pot of cold water by Xiaoya’s indifferent attitude, and then she thought that she had spent 100 yuan to buy coins for Xiaoya to play games, which made her feel even more lost. So he childishly hid each other’s bags, called Xiaoya to the underground garage, and angrily told Xiaoya to ask 100 yuan for money to recover economic losses.

　　When he got the money back, Xiao Tao was still angry. On the spur of the moment, he pushed Xiaoya to the wall and reached out and touched the privacy of the other party. When he was just arrested by the police, Xiao Tao didn’t feel that this move could be a big deal, and he didn’t realize that it was a crime. In the end, Xiao Tao was sentenced by the court for compulsory indecency.

　　Although one is the victim and the other is the defendant, when handling this case, Feng Miaomiao, deputy director of the First Procuratorate of Xicheng Procuratorate, felt sorry for both children. If it weren’t for the mobile dating software, the lives of two minors would have been completely different. Now, one is forced to molest, leaving a psychological shadow, and one is imprisoned when he first enters the society. In a sense, he is a victim.

　　"How can two minors register for dating apps?" While handling the case, Feng Miaomiao paid more attention to this mobile dating software. There are also many criticisms of this software on the Internet, one of which is the low age limit threshold, which has a bad influence on minors.

　　Just one month after Xiaoya’s case happened, the National Network Information Office launched a special rectification campaign against the chaos of the network audio platform, and this software is also under the rectification. It was not until last month that the software was restored to the shelves and the registration threshold was raised to 18 years old.

　　survey

　　False age registration lacks supervision

　　The reporter downloaded the dating APP full of fashionable gimmicks involved in the case, and the user agreement has been highlighted: "If you are under 18 years old, please read and fully understand this agreement with the legal guardian, and use the software and related services with the consent of the legal guardian."

　　The reporter registered with the mobile phone number. In the process of improving the information, the page prompts: "Filling in the correct information will help match, and we will protect your private information." The reporter found that if you are under 18 years old, the system will prompt that the setting failed and you can’t continue. As long as you choose to reach the age of 18, you can pass. You don’t need to upload your ID card, and there is no additional verification procedure, so you can register successfully, and then you can choose someone who matches you to chat.

　　The reporter also registered another dating software that has been installed more than 100 million times. Although there is no special clause about minors in the user agreement, there is also an age threshold in the registration process. You can’t choose a date of birth under the age of 18 to register, but you can choose a date of birth that reaches the age of 18, and you can register successfully. There is also no substantive audit procedure.

　　Prosecutor Feng Miaomiao said that setting a threshold based on age is helpful to prevent minors from stepping into the social circle of adults, receiving some bad information or suffering illegal harm, which is beneficial to the protection of minors. However, this threshold that can be broken only by users’ arbitrary settings is ineffective. For minors who are curious or have practical needs, it is as easy as blowing off dust to falsely report their age. And it is hard for them to really realize that what will be waiting for them when they enter the online world of adults with a pass that does not meet their real age?

　　The reporter learned that in the previous cases of sexual assault on minors, it was also revealed that the dating software company did not verify the identity information of the registered personnel, which led to the problem that minors could register and log in by falsely reporting their age, and there were huge loopholes in management. Some procuratorates also specially issued procuratorial suggestions to relevant authorities to urge them to strengthen supervision and management of online dating platforms.

　　The painful cases and the procuratorial suggestions of the procuratorate all show that the problem that the dating software does not verify the identity and the minors may be illegally infringed needs to be solved urgently.

　　Prosecutors in Feng Miaomiao said that the technologies of uploading ID cards and even face recognition are very mature, which can completely verify identity and shield false information. However, for these software companies, strict identity audit will inevitably cause some users to resist, which will affect the registration and usage of users, and enterprises certainly have no incentive to do substantive audit.

　　find

　　Wechat QR code is more dangerous to push friends.

　　In the interview, the reporter learned that in addition to using mobile APP to make friends, there is also a way of making friends among middle school students — — Friends circle pushes each other, that is, authorizing others to send their photos and WeChat QR codes to friends circle and WeChat group for divergent communication. In this way, children quickly develop "friends" and meet more strangers. Others push each other and even spend some money to let others help them push.

　　For most adults, WeChat friends are usually family, friends and people who have work contacts and life contacts, and the circle of friends has certain privacy. Except Wechat business and promoters, most people don’t spread their QR codes and open their circle of friends at will.

　　Minors are keen on this more open and almost undefended way of making friends than adults, and they also put themselves in a very dangerous situation.

　　In a real case, Tingting, a 14-year-old middle school student, met a girl of the same age in another school in an extra-curricular cram school. When Tingting learned that the other classmate could help push the circle of friends, she also wanted to try this way of making friends out of curiosity.

　　After being pushed the QR code and photos to the circle of friends in a nine-square grid, there were indeed many more people who took the initiative to chat with Tingting through WeChat. Tingting had a good talk with one of the boys. Although Tingting is strictly controlled by her parents and students are not allowed to use mobile phones at school, Tingting still takes the opportunity to chat with each other. After the first meeting between the two sides, Tingting reported that she was raped by the other side. After investigation, the man often looks for "prey" by adding WeChat friends.

　　According to the reporter’s understanding, there are far more cases in which minors are invaded by strangers because of WeChat’s mutual promotion of friends.

　　Even if the age threshold of dating software is in name only, there is still a threshold after all, and WeChat Twitter can be said to be irresponsible. In the police investigation, the middle school student who objectively bridged Tingting’s acquaintance with a strange man said that he was not familiar with both of them, but only vaguely had an impression of helping Tingting push her friends. As for their true identity and surname, who knows nothing. After helping to push friends, she deleted both of them’ WeChat.

　　This middle school student often helps her peers push friends in their circle of friends. Some people even send her a few dollars red envelope to help her push friends. When the number of friends added by the other party meets the demand, she deletes the information of pushing friends. In this way, she can earn some pocket money.

　　"This way of making friends seems incredible to adults, but it is very common among students ‘ Market ’ 。” Shi Liang, assistant prosecutor, told reporters that some students are proud of having a large number of WeChat friends and even compare with each other, eager to open their doors to the adult world in this way to show their social skills and personal charm.

　　Unfortunately, children think this is just a way to meet more friends, but in the eyes of the "hunters" who are waiting for an opportunity, this "open" way of making friends is itself an ambiguous signal.

　　suggestion

　　The dating platform should verify the identity essence.

　　Shi Liang said that many minors’ psychological cognition and physical development are unbalanced. They feel that they have almost the same physique as adults and have gained the ability to enter the adult world. But in fact, their awareness of society, self-prevention awareness and self-protection ability are far from perfect, and they are easily tempted or hurt.

　　"The Internet has become indispensable in modern society. We can’t hinder social progress because the Internet may harm minors, but we can keep up with relevant supporting measures. In the final analysis, it is still that our adult society did not do its own work, did not establish enough protection mechanisms, and did not do effective education and communication, so that children were exposed to danger. " Shi Liang said.

　　Prosecutor Feng Miaomiao suggested that the dating platform should be required to carry out substantive identity verification, such as uploading ID cards and face recognition, through administrative mandatory provisions, at least the self-discipline rules of trade associations, and at the same time pay attention to protecting the privacy of minors. This not only protects minors, but also helps to reduce the possibility of other online dating crimes. As an Internet and software enterprise, it should also shoulder social responsibilities, and not turn a blind eye to the possible signs of illegal crimes in order to pursue the number of users and economic benefits. Industry supervision departments should strictly manage, intensify inspection and punishment, and purify the network environment. (Reporter Sun Ying Illustration Feng Chenqing)

　　(The minors involved in the article are all pseudonyms)

Source: Shaoyang Public Security

After a long winter vacation.

Mobile phones and computers have lifted the ban

Children brush videos and play games. ……

But parents should be careful.

Mobile games not only affect children’s learning

There are also scams specifically for minors in the game!

↓↓↓

Case study

In less than an hour, nearly 30,000 yuan was missing.

recent days

Xiao Yang, 9 years old, Changpu Town, Suining City, Shaoyang City

When brushing videos on grandma’s mobile phone at home,

See an advertisement

"download’ TT voice’

You can get a limited mobile game skin for free! "

After the software is downloaded

A netizen named "oath" added him as a friend.

Under the guidance of the other party

Xiao Yang downloaded the remote control and payment APP.

And turned on the "screen sharing" function.

soon afterwards

On the grounds of helping them get the game skin for free.

Let Xiao Yang provide the verification code

Xiao Yang, who is bent on limiting his skin, does it one by one.

However, after some operation.

Xiao Yang not only didn’t get the skin he wanted.

On the contrary, the bound bank card has spent more than 29,000 yuan in succession.

next day

Grandmother of the child who found the information of bank card deduction

Realizing that his grandson was cheated, he called the police for help.

After receiving the police

Shaoyang police immediately

Carry out investigation work

The case is still being further processed.

Let’s take a look at the routine of the liar.

Low-priced game currency recharge/out-of-print equipment

This kind of fraud is often aimed at primary and secondary school students who like to play games, have some available funds or often use their elders’ mobile phones. During the Spring Festival, many students must have received lucky money, and their wallets are full. If they can still control it by themselves, do they always want to decorate their game accounts: buy some out-of-print skin and charge some game gold coins … At this time, fraudsters will get wind of it.

Fraud routine

01. The fraudsters post private messages and advertisements through social platforms, and induce the victims to take the bait with the excuse of "selling out-of-print game equipment" and "selling game accounts at low prices".

02, then guide the victim to add their social software, and send strange links, asking for trading through the second-hand platform, which is generally seemingly safe, but in fact it is an informal second-hand trading platform.

03. Once the victim clicks on the link and pays as required, the swindler will say that there is a problem with the operation or the payment account, which leads to the closure of his account, and then ask the victim to pay the deposit and unfreeze the money on the pretext of using various words to induce the victim to make repeated payments and commit fraud.

And one of the most crucial words.

"You are a minor.

You need to use your parents’ mobile phone to get the gift package! "

This sentence deceives minors.

It is the parents’ money that is cheated.

Police tips

Strengthen anti-fraud education for children

There will be no pie in the sky. Strangers claim to have "free gifts", which is generally a trap.

Not greedy and cheap.

Don’t click on strange links, scan strange QR codes, don’t believe in strangers’ sweet words, and don’t transfer money to strangers easily.

Keep the payment information safe.

Parents should take good care of their mobile phones, bank card numbers, passwords, verification codes and payment codes of third-party payment institutions such as WeChat and Alipay, and don’t open the secret-free payment function unless necessary.

WeChat official account changed his version if he didn’t agree.

"Star sign" can make it easier for me to receive messages.

Now there are only three steps:

Push

Original title: "Police reminder! This kind of fraud is aimed at children. "

Read the original text

Today is the Lantern Festival. Eating "Yuanxiao" on the Lantern Festival is a custom of China people. The round glutinous rice dumplings symbolize happiness and reunion, and are entrusted with people’s good wishes for the new year. Shanghai’s "Lantern Festival" is divided into northern style, Ningbo style, Soviet style, Guangdong style and so on. There are also many other varieties, such as fermented rice balls, pigeon egg rice balls, "Benbang Tangtuan" and so on. In addition, there are "dry" cooking and "dry" eating methods such as rolling sand balls and dry frying. Let’s get to know it together! See ↓

There are "wet" and "dry"

Various wrapping methods and eating methods of dumplings

"Yuanxiao" is also called Tangyuan, also known as Tangtuan. Its name is different, and there are various schools of wrapping and eating. In modern times, Shanghai was the earliest trading port in China, and people from all over the world brought different kinds of dumplings to Shanghai.

The Shanghai Archives keeps a manuscript of Lantern Festival Words "Yuanxiao" written by an old Shanghai gourmet, which was written by Ms. Shi Jingzhen, an old Shanghai businessman. In her account, the "Lantern Festival" in Shanghai is divided into northern style, Ningbo style, Soviet style, Cantonese style and so on.

"Lantern Festival Words" Lantern Festival "written by Shi Jingzhen (Shanghai Archives Collection)

The North-style "Yuanxiao" is made by rolling dried glutinous rice flour into a round ball the size of a walnut, and its stuffing is made by mixing walnut meat, melon seeds, green plums and red melons with cooked lard, sugar and flour.

The Ningbo-style Yuanxiao, commonly known as Ningbo Tangtuan, is made of soaked glutinous rice flour with lard bean paste or lard ginkgo in the middle. It is smooth, soft and sweet when cooked and has a unique flavor.

Although the dumplings we eat now are sweet and salty, the "Yuanxiao" in Shi Jingzhen’s article is all the same color "sweet mouth", which is probably her personal preference, but it also conforms to the general public’s impression of Jiangnan people.

The Northern Lantern Festival rolled in the basket. Sometimes "Yuanxiao" refers to the northern Yuanxiao, and "Tangtuan" refers to the southern Yuanxiao.

In fact, there are many other varieties of Yuanxiao in Shanghai.

For example, the glutinous rice from Jintan, which has a history of more than 100 years, is exquisite. The quality of the glutinous rice is relatively condensed, and the glutinous rice is brewed by itself, which is sweet but not sour. The glutinous rice is rich and sweet, and its taste is beautiful, which is welcomed by customers. If every long summer Festival, there will be more customers ".

Glutinous Rice Balls in Fermented Rice Wine

Another example is the pigeon egg dumplings, which were originally put in baskets by ingenious vendors and sold in various tea houses in the Chenghuang Temple in the old city. They are small and exquisite, shaped like pigeon eggs, soft, sweet and cool, and the sugar stuffing in the dumplings is full of sugar water, which does not condense after cold.

In fact, there is also a "native" "Yuanxiao" in Shanghai, which is the so-called "Benbang Tangtuan" (also known as Yuanzi and Tuanzi). Most of the "Benbang dumplings" are stuffed with vegetables and meat, and their size is bigger than that of Ningbo dumplings. Four diners who have a smaller appetite will "help the wall out". Nowadays, such dumpling shops can be found in Qibao, Xinchang and other ancient towns in the suburbs of Shanghai, and the business is also good.

Benbang dumplings (also known as dumplings and dumplings)

As for the way to eat dumplings, "they are usually cooked in boiling water. The cooked dumplings taste glutinous and firm, and a bag of sugar soup at the entrance is very sweet." However, the pigeon egg dumplings can be cooked in boiling water and cooled before eating. In the era when there is no refrigerator, a small bowl of pigeon egg dumplings is a good cold food for relieving summer heat.

Dove egg round son

In addition to these "wet" practices and eating methods, "Yuanxiao" also has "dry" cooking and "dry" eating.

The famous point of grinding sand circles is the representative of "doing". It filters out the water from the cooked dumplings, rolls on a layer of bean paste powder, and can be eaten hot or cold. It is delicious and convenient to carry, and is deeply loved by people. The bean paste powder on the sand ball. To make it, first-class red beans should be selected, washed and boiled to crisp, mashed and dried, ground into fine powder, fried in a pot until it is slightly burnt, and then taken out of the pot when the beans smell, and finally screened with a fine sieve. The prepared bean paste powder is brownish yellow, wrapped in "Yuanxiao", which is lovely and appetizing, and has the same effect as the traditional snack "donkey rolling" in northern China.

Leishayuan

Besides "grinding sand", "Yuanxiao" can also be fried dry. Shi Jingzhen recalled that when she was a child, every Lantern Festival, her mother would dry-fry dumplings cooked in boiling water. Watching my mother pour Yuanxiao into a cooked oil pan, stirring and pressing it, she was only as fat as a golden ball, which made her drool. Ask mom to beg for one to eat first, bite it down, and the sugar water is so hot that I want to cry, but I can’t bear to spit out the sweet, fragrant and oily sugar juice.

Fried dumplings

It has a long history and has its own merits.

Shanghai de tangtuan famous store

Most of the traditional Chinese dim sum snacks in old Shanghai are concentrated in the old town hall, especially in the Chenghuang Temple area. It can be said that it was also the "top flow" gathering place of Shanghai dim sum snack industry.

Chenghuangmiao Lantern Festival

For example, the old Tongchun Dim Sum Shop and the old Songsheng Dim Sum Shop located at No.45 and No.46, Yimiao Road, Chenghuangmiao (now Yuyuan Road, Chenghuangmiao) are both famous for their fermented dumplings and dumplings. In particular, "Old Tung Chun" was founded in 1860 and moved to Chenghuang Temple around 1925. Although it is only a small shop with more than a dozen tables, its pork dumplings with sand and fresh meat dumplings are very famous in old Shanghai.

Founded in 1857, "Lao Songsheng" has a longer history. It was founded by a Chongming named Yu. I don’t know if it was made of Chongming wine. Its wine dumplings are very delicious and often attract customers to queue up to buy them. These two small shops are neighbors and deal in the same kind of food, but they don’t feel like "peers are enemies" at all, and get along well with each other.

Registration card of retail enterprise filled in by Lao Songsheng Dim Sum Store in 1963 (Shanghai Archives Collection)

The pigeon egg is the most famous restaurant in Gu Shunxing, No.98 Yimiao Road, Chenghuangmiao. "Gu Shunxing" got its name from people. According to legend, in the 1920s and 1930s, a Ningbo man named Gu Shunxing carried a food basket every day to sell homemade pigeon balls in the tea houses of Chenghuang Temple. Gu Jia’s pigeon egg dumplings can be eaten cold without lard, which is more suitable for summer consumption. Over time, they have become famous and opened stores. After liberation, the public-private partnership, perhaps because of the relatively large scale, both "Lao Tongchun" and "Lao Songsheng" reported to "Gu Shunxing" for unified economic accounting, which was also regarded as the "shoulders" of the tangtuan community in the Chenghuang Temple.

In 1963, Gu Shunxing’s restaurant filled in the retail enterprise registration card, and there was no trace of the pigeon egg in the main products (Shanghai Archives Collection).

Speaking of "Lantern Festival" in Shanghai, "Qiaojiazha" and "Meixin" are always unavoidable. Qiaojiazha is also a "century-old shop", which was founded in 1909. It was originally named as "Yongmaochang Tangtuan Store". Because it was opened at the intersection of Qiaojiazha and Ninghe in the old city, the residents nearby called it "Qiaojiazha", and later simply took "Qiaojiazha" as the font size. "Qiaojiazha" is famous for all kinds of Ningbo dumplings and sand balls. The dumplings produced by its family are diverse in variety, exquisite in materials and fine in operation, characterized by fine powder, thin skin and many fillings, and delicious in taste.

Impression of Qiaojiazha (works by Wang Zhenkun)

Meixin Dim Sum Restaurant, located at No.105, North Shaanxi Road, is another time-honored brand in Shanghai famous for dumplings. It was founded in 1943, and has never moved its store since its opening. It is also famous for its Ning-style lard dumplings and wine-brewed dumplings.

Jin Tian de mei Xin dessert shop

There is another phenomenon in the dumpling circle of old Shanghai, that is, there are many font sizes with the same name. For example, during the Anti-Japanese War, "Qiaojiazha" appeared at the intersection of Ximen Road in the old nanshi and Huaihai Road in the western area, and the latter moved to Xiangyang South Road soon. Everyone claimed to be "authentic" and also featured dim sum such as dumplings. Another example is "Qiaojiazha", formerly known as "Yongmaochang". During the Anti-Japanese War, a master named Li Yigao opened a dumpling shop with the same name on Fangbang Road in Nanshi. At the intersection of Huaihai Road and Chongqing, there is also the "Yongmaochang" dim sum shop opened by Li Fukui, which also features dumplings.

Time flies, and there are many changes in the area of Chenghuang Temple, which once gathered various kinds of dumpling shops. Until the sixties and seventies of the last century, "Gu Shunxing" and "Old Tung Chun" all enjoyed a prosperous business. Now, "Gu Shunxing" has disappeared, and the brand "Laotongchun" has entered Songyunlou, but it is no longer the dumpling but the lard residue wonton that belongs to it. After many relocations, "Lao Songsheng" has now become "Dexing Restaurant (Yuyuan Store)".

Instead, it was Ningbo Tangtuan Store on the bank of Jiuqu Bridge. In the memory of Shen Jialu, a well-known gourmet in Shanghai, it was originally another "osmanthus hall" famous for selling pigeon eggs and dumplings. The business of Ningbo Tangtuan Store is booming, and the customers are full. The "Osmanthus Hall" has merged with Songyun Building, becoming one of the few stores with pigeon eggs and dumplings for sale.

The bustling crowd in front of Ningbo Tangtuan Store in Chenghuang Temple.

Qiaojiazha, which was originally famous for dumplings, has opened many branches, but dumplings are no longer its main product. "Meixin" still sticks to the tradition silently in the original site. Although it also makes other snacks, dumplings are always the first products sold out.

Today’s Shanghainese can easily taste delicious food from all over the country and all over the world in the streets and lanes. Besides dumplings, people have more and more choices for eating. But on the Lantern Festival, it is still the dream of many people to have a bowl of warm "Yuanxiao". It contains more than an unforgettable taste when I was there …

Sweet and waxy dumplings are entrusted with people’s beautiful expectations for the new year.

Information: released by Shanghai

Editor: Chen Weiting

ShangguanNo. Author: Shanghai Jinshan

　　[Window of World Education]
　
　　In modern society, reading is one of the necessary skills for individuals. Reading is a key way for children to learn knowledge, and it is also an important way for children to develop their thinking and cultivate their temperament. In the frame map of students’ learning fields in the 21st century put forward by UNESCO, reading and communication occupy the central position in the seven learning fields. Therefore, parents expect their children to learn to read as soon as possible.
　
　　However, in fact, all over the world, many children can’t read normally. Some parents feel that their children can’t concentrate, that they are "ADHD", and they don’t realize that their learning disabilities may be another situation.
　
　　1. Is it dyslexia or ADHD?
　
　　Under normal educational conditions, most children can learn to read normally. However, although reading is so important to children’s development, some children can’t acquire reading smoothly. According to research statistics, there are about 5%-10% children in English, Chinese, Japanese and other writing systems. They have normal intelligence and enjoy equal educational opportunities, but their reading performance is still far behind their peers — — These children are called dyslexia.
　
　　As early as 1896, clinicians in Europe and the United States discovered the existence of children with reading difficulties. Limited by the level of science and technology at that time, the most knowledgeable people also knew little about "dyslexia". For a long time, society has misunderstood children with dyslexia, thinking that they are stupid, lazy, or "unable to sit still" (inattention and hyperactivity). Up to now, science has unveiled the mystery of "dyslexia", and our understanding of dyslexia is more clear.
　
　　First of all, children with dyslexia do not have intellectual problems, and some children with dyslexia are even very smart. If the problem of dyslexia can be found in time and received special education, they may overcome the problem of reading and writing, give full play to their potential, and even become creative talents in various fields. Therefore, sometimes we call children with dyslexia "smart stupid children".
　
　　Secondly, dyslexia is a developmental disorder, and people diagnosed with dyslexia are troubled by it all their lives. They have difficulties in word recognition, word understanding and dictation throughout primary and secondary schools and all the way to adulthood. So don’t expect dyslexia to heal naturally. Early detection and early intervention are very important to overcome dyslexia.
　
　　Thirdly, dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, commonly known as ADHD) are two different problems, which can exist separately or at the same time. Although the prevalence of dyslexia with ADHD is as high as 20%-40%, dyslexia and dyslexia caused by ADHD are two different abnormal phenomena. It is important to distinguish the difference between these two problems, because there are different ways of intervention.
　
　　Finally, dyslexia runs in the family. Studies have shown that among identical twins, if one person suffers from dyslexia, the probability of the other person suffering from dyslexia is as high as 68%; One of the parents or immediate siblings suffers from dyslexia, and the probability of this individual suffering from dyslexia is about 50%. This can be used as one of the signals for early identification of children with dyslexia.
　
　　So, how should parents or teachers identify children with dyslexia? Typical manifestations of children with dyslexia are listed below. The following 10 items meet 6 or more and last for more than half a year. Children may have dyslexia and need to find a professional institution to diagnose their children.
　
　　First, the language performance is significantly lower than the average level of the same class; Second, read slowly and laboriously, and do not understand the content after reading; Third, it is easy to jump words and lines when reading; Fourth, I don’t like reading aloud, and when I read aloud, I drop words or easily read typos; Fifth, the writing speed is slow and it is easy to write typos; Sixth, I often can’t remember the date or name; Seven, the sense of balance is not good, and the small muscles are clumsy; 8. Avoid tasks that require a lot of reading and avoid reading novels or other written materials; Nine, low self-esteem, no confidence in themselves; Ten, learning a foreign language is particularly difficult.
　
　　2. A stumbling block to fluent reading
　
　　Reading is an advanced cognitive function, not a physiological instinct that human beings naturally develop and mature at a certain age — — Reading is far more complicated than we thought. Reading involves a series of cognitive processing processes: first, bottom-up processing, that is to say, reading is to obtain meaning from written words, involving the recognition of written words, and only by recognizing words can we understand the meaning of sentences or chapters; The second is top-down processing. Reading comprehension depends on the interaction with the reader’s own memory (knowledge) structure to process and process the input textual information.
　
　　Most children have been exposed to the written environment before they formally learn to read — — Advertising slogans, printed words on food packaging bags, and words on picture books that can be seen everywhere in life — — These make children have a preliminary understanding of the characteristics and functions of words, and they can gradually realize that words are symbols used to record spoken language, which are different from other symbols. This initial perception of words is called "word consciousness". Whether it is the reading of pinyin characters or Chinese characters, the sense of words is very important.
　
　　As children grow older, they are exposed to more and more words. Especially after primary school, I began to systematically learn the recognition of words, and gradually formed my perception of the design rules of words, that is, "orthographic consciousness." When children know a certain number of words (or words), they can enter the stage of independent reading, that is, they will no longer rely on the help of adults to read text-based books independently. With the increase of children’s reading, the reading speed is gradually accelerated. By the fourth grade of primary school, most children can become skilled readers.
　
　　Phonetic awareness is very important for children with pinyin (such as English and German) background to learn to read. Phonetic awareness refers to children’s ability to perceive and operate phonetics. For example, they can skillfully divide cat (meaning "cat") into three corresponding minimum pronunciation units /k//ae//t/, and can also combine pronunciation units to form a word. The deficiency of this ability is considered to be the core reason for the difficulty in reading pinyin. However, the role of phonological awareness in Chinese reading is not as important as that in pinyin. It is generally believed that phonological awareness only plays a limited role in the early stage of Chinese reading and learning.
　
　　For children with Chinese background to learn to read, the first threshold is the decoding of Chinese characters, that is, literacy, that is, to establish the relationship between the font of Chinese characters and the pronunciation and meaning of words. On the road to becoming a fluent reader, the first stumbling block for children with Chinese dyslexia is to remember the glyphs and write Chinese characters. A large number of studies have consistently shown that children with Chinese dyslexia have difficulties in font processing. They often have slow literacy, less literacy, and often make mistakes in writing, so it is difficult to remember the font of Chinese characters. Therefore, in order to firmly grasp the writing of Chinese characters, Chinese children often spend a lot of time copying Chinese characters. Copying one stroke at a time can help children to carry out fine visual processing on each Chinese character’s glyph. Like building a Lego block, different strokes are combined according to a certain spatial structure and "built" in Mi Zige in a regular and harmonious way. This is not an inefficient and stupid method. On the contrary, copying is an effective means for both literacy and writing. It can not only help children to establish a solid representation of glyphs in their brains, but also help them write Chinese characters more accurately.
　
　　The structure of Chinese characters is complicated. According to the spatial relationship, Chinese characters can be divided into single characters, upper and lower structures, left and right structures and surrounding structures. Because of the visual complexity of Chinese character composition and the spatial diversity of Chinese character structure, it is difficult for Chinese children to master orthographic skills. The research also shows that the defects related to orthography are the core defects of Chinese dyslexia.
　
　　Chinese character is an ideographic character, and there is no direct relationship between the shape and the pronunciation, but the relationship between the shape and the meaning of the word is closer. Pictophonetic characters are the main body of modern commonly used Chinese characters, and 80.5% of them belong to pictophonetic characters. Pictophonetic characters include two parts: shape and sound. The ideographic meaning of Chinese characters is very strong, and many words with the same shape are consistent or related in meaning. For example, after children learn the words "sea, ocean and river", they will find that they have the same radical "Tanya" and are all related to water. When they learn the words "lake, swimming and stream" again, they can realize that the newly learned Chinese characters may also be related to "water" — — This understanding and cognition of the smallest semantic unit is called "morpheme consciousness". This morpheme awareness is particularly important for children to learn to read, because Chinese contains a large number of Chinese characters with homographs. After children know a certain number of Chinese characters and can read independently, the obstacles they encounter in reading become the understanding of vocabulary, especially some written vocabulary. Children with strong morpheme awareness are more likely to understand the meaning of words and expand their vocabulary. Therefore, morpheme awareness is more important for Chinese reading learning than learning pinyin characters. It is found that morpheme awareness is closely related to children’s word formation ability, vocabulary and reading comprehension.The defect of morpheme consciousness is also one of the main cognitive defects of children with Chinese dyslexia.
　
　　In addition to the difficulties in font processing, writing and morpheme processing, the study also found that children with Chinese dyslexia still have naming speed problems. The naming speed obstacle may reflect that children with dyslexia have some difficulties in establishing stable and high-quality orthographic representations, thus affecting the speed of transforming visual symbols into sound symbols. Research shows that naming speed can also predict reading fluency well. Naming speed is also very important to the development of pinyin reading, and naming speed defect is also one of the main defects of pinyin reading obstacle. Therefore, naming speed defect may be one of the common cognitive defects of cross-language reading disabilities.
　
　　To sum up, children with dyslexia may have cognitive defects in many aspects. The mechanism of dyslexia in different words is not only consistent across languages, but also specific to words. As far as the current research is concerned, the mechanism of Chinese dyslexia is more complicated than that of pinyin.
　
　　3. Is reading a brain problem?
　
　　Reading is one of the unique advanced cognitive functions of human beings, and the brain is the physiological basis of reading learning and development. The International Dyslexia Association points out that dyslexia has specific neurophysiological defects.
　
　　At the end of the 20th century, with the help of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), scientists were able to detect the inside of the brain in a non-invasive and harmless way. Like a precise scientific camera, it takes a complete and clear picture of every slice of the three-dimensional body of the brain and shows it to people. At present, the research conclusion that has been repeatedly verified by scientific research and widely recognized by academic circles is that the dyslexic group of pinyin characters (such as English) is mainly abnormal in the posterior temporal-parietal junction area of the left brain, which is manifested in the level of brain functional activity, brain structure and the connection between this brain area and other brain areas. This abnormality may affect their phonological awareness development and thus hinder their reading.
　
　　However, the Chinese dyslexic group mainly has specific problems in the middle frontal gyrus of the left brain (related to the writing skills mentioned above) and the ventral pathway of the brain (related to the semantic processing and visual font processing mentioned above). At the same time, the abnormality of the occipital part of the right brain (that is, the brain area where we touch the pillow after lying flat) used for the processing of holistic visual features may also affect Chinese reading. These are all "abnormal brain working modes". The abnormality of these working modes will make the process of learning reading slow and arduous for dyslexics, because they can’t use the efficient and labor-saving reading neural pathway that most readers can use.
　
　　How to understand the abnormal brain working mode of dyslexic people? First of all, this once again shows that dyslexia is a neurodevelopmental disorder, not the result of children’s lack of hard work and incorrect learning attitude. Secondly, the brain is plastic, and appropriate and timely targeted training can help children with dyslexia overcome their reading difficulties and regain their reading confidence. For example, neuroimaging studies have found that effective behavior intervention can enhance the activity level of the temporal parietal region in the back of the left brain, which was originally weakly activated, and improve their reading performance. Finally, the abnormal brain working mode of dyslexic people has two sides. On the one hand, it makes the road for dyslexics to learn to read full of thorns; On the other hand, many dyslexics who have achieved high achievements in some fields are grateful for it, believing that the "learning process that can’t take the usual path" has given them unique problem-solving ability, while the difficult process of overcoming dyslexia has forged their perseverance.
　
　　4. How to help smart "stupid children"
　
　　Dyslexia is a developmental disorder. Early identification and early intervention can not only improve the success rate of intervention, but also prevent dyslexia from continuing into senior grades, and also avoid children’s emotional, behavioral problems and lack of self-confidence related to low academic achievement. Foreign research shows that in order to achieve the same effect, the teaching time of intervention in senior grade is several times more than that in junior grade (2 hours in fourth grade/0.5 hours in kindergarten).
　
　　The study of dyslexia has a history of hundreds of years in the west, and it has been relatively perfect in the evaluation, intervention and policy support of dyslexia. Hong Kong, China, has also taken the lead in this respect. At present, it has developed the dyslexia behavior scale and diagnostic test, designed Chinese reading and writing courses in kindergartens and primary and secondary schools, and developed corresponding teaching materials, and conducted relevant training for educational administrators and Chinese teachers in primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong. In addition, they also used the three-level response intervention model to replace the traditional methods to intervene in children with dyslexia, and achieved good intervention results.
　
　　Because the research on dyslexia in mainland China started late and mainly stayed in the basic research stage, the applied research on the diagnosis and intervention of dyslexia is still relatively weak. The public’s understanding of dyslexia is very limited. In recent years, more and more scholars began to pay attention to the popularization of common sense of dyslexia, and popular science books such as Smart Stupid Child: Helping Children Overcome Dyslexia and Getting Out of the Maze appeared, which made the public have more scientific understanding of dyslexia, but there is still a long way to go in the intervention of dyslexia and the development of diagnostic tools.
　
　　As mentioned earlier, dyslexia is a special learning disability that stems from abnormal brain development. Children with dyslexia are not not smart enough or do not study hard. On the contrary, their IQ is normal or even extraordinary, and they even have special talents in many aspects. Without timely diagnosis and intervention, what they need most is the understanding and support from teachers and parents. I hope these "smart stupid children" can have a happy childhood and enjoy reading like other children.
　
　　(Author: Liu Li, Gao Yue, professors and doctors of the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning of Beijing Normal University; Kang Cuiping, Ph.D., now works for China Education Innovation Institute of Beijing Normal University)

　

Don’t choose lamps that are easy for children to touch the light bulb.

　　Text/Figure Yangcheng Evening News reporter Liang Dongxian Intern Zhao Xiaoling (except signature)

　　In many people’s conventional cognition, it is not good for children’s rooms to be too bright or too dark, especially for study. However, there are some new ideas that may subvert the traditional concepts you used to know.

　　Author of Building a Growing Children’s Room from scratch — — Xu Xiao, a cross-border designer, said that even on cloudy days, the outdoor illumination is 10,000 lumens (lumens are the illumination unit), and people do not feel any discomfort when reading outdoors on cloudy days; However, indoor lighting rarely exceeds the same illuminance. Therefore, as long as the lighting is not direct to the eyes, there is basically no problem of over-lighting in children’s rooms, and it will not cause vision problems. Is this view correct?

　　School is about to start. What should you pay attention to when you are ready to rearrange the lighting in the children’s room?

　　Children’s myopia,

　　The main reason is not the light!

　　Is Xu Xiao’s point of view correct? Yangcheng Evening News reporter interviewed Sun Keqing, deputy chief physician of the Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. She said that Xu Xiao’s views are basically correct. Because as long as it is not direct vision or specular reflection, indoor routine reading lighting can rarely reach the level of damaging vision, so it is no harm to light it up.

　　If myopia is not related to too bright light, what is the main cause of myopia among teenagers?

　　Sun Ke Qing said that the main reasons are incorrect writing posture, or too long use of eyes. If you want to reduce the possibility of children’s myopia, it will be very beneficial to ensure a certain amount of outdoor exercise time every day.

　　Of course, Sun Ke Qing said that improper lighting design can also cause children’s vision problems. For example, the lamp does not have a suitable lampshade or the height design of the lamp is unreasonable, which makes the light directly or reflect to the eyes. In addition, if it is a baby’s room, because the baby’s eyes are not fully mature, so you can’t use too strong and dazzling lights to avoid damaging their eyes. At this time, the lighting design should be as soft as possible.

　　The light should be bright and soft.

　　In fact, children’s rooms generally have the functions of studying, playing, resting and storing things at the same time. The overall indoor illumination should be higher than that of adult rooms. At the same time, the light should be soft and avoid glare. In addition, in different areas such as the study area, it is necessary to have corresponding local lighting to facilitate children to read books, do homework and find books.

　　The overall lighting of children’s rooms can use chandeliers and ceiling lamps to create bright and fantastic lighting effects for the space, while the local lighting can meet different lighting needs with wall lamps, table lamps and spotlights. The selected lamps should give children a relaxed and interesting light sense in shape and color, so as to expand their imagination and stimulate their interest in learning.

　　Sun Keqing suggested that the lamps in children’s study area can choose eye protection lamps. Good eye protection lamp is not easy to strobe, and its brightness and brightness uniformity are ideal, which can reduce eye fatigue and help children protect their eyesight.

　　These security risks cannot be ignored.

　　In addition, when installing lamps, we should also pay full attention to safety issues. Children are lively and active by nature, full of strong curiosity about things, especially young children, but they lack the necessary awareness of self-protection. Therefore, if the lamps are installed in children’s rooms, especially in infants’ rooms, care should be taken not to expose the power cord as much as possible, so as to avoid the unreasonable children playing with the wires as toys, thus causing the danger of electric shock.

　　In addition, if the child is still very young, don’t choose lamps that are easy for the child to touch the light bulb, because many lamps will also heat up when they shine, and adults think that the negligible temperature is likely to burn the child’s tender skin. Therefore, when arranging the nursery, it is best to choose a lamp with a closed lampshade, or add a protective cover to the light bulb. In addition, movable lamps such as floor lamps and desk lamps should also be avoided in preschool children’s rooms to minimize the risk of electric shock.

　　Illustration of this edition/Fan Yinglan

In Under the Sun, Feng Xiaosheng finally won a short victory, forcing Liang Yuze to go abroad and live a self-righteous and beautiful life with Ke Ying. Even, Ke Ying invited Feng Xiaosheng to have dinner together, and their relationship made progress in stages.

Ke Ying fed Feng Xiaosheng steak, and then withdrew it when he was about to get into the mouth. Feng Xiaosheng forcibly took her arm and ate the steak. The expression of the two people’s confrontation exposed the man’s possessiveness completely.

This flowing expressive force is attributed to the actor’s acting skills: I just saw A Ying’s surprise when she was feeding, and the meat was slowly handed to her mouth to show a spoiled smile. Ke Ying took back her hand and suddenly froze, and then she was fierce and overbearing when she grabbed her hand and ate it. There was nothing wrong with Peng Guanying. Taking this drama is undoubtedly the most correct choice he has made.

"Under the Sun" has aroused a thousand waves since it first announced that the novel was made into a film and television. For no other reason, the original novel "Things in the Palm" describes that the university lecturer He Yan still tries to get rid of the clutches after being imprisoned by the male host Fu Shenxing. In order to highlight the tense relationship between men and women, there are many explicit and cruel pictures. However, it is definitely impossible to film and television all the contents, so everyone’s attitude towards TV dramas is both tense and contradictory.

Sure enough, after the TV series was broadcast, a lot of content was added and deleted in order to be more practical, and even the male master was changed into a male two. But what hasn’t changed is that the role played by Peng Guanying is still an object of resentment.

But Peng Guanying’s acting didn’t disappoint everyone. Whether it is Shen Shijie’s diabolical cruelty in the early stage or the cruel cunning of Feng Xiao’s voice in the later stage, Peng Guanying interprets it perfectly and impeccably.

Theoretically speaking, Peng Guanying is a newcomer to film and television, but unfortunately he is a newcomer of great age.

Before, everyone could only think of Princess Lanling, which co-starred with Baby Zhang a few years ago. Although his acting skills were also praised in the play, there was no follow-up resources, and he seemed to disappear from the audience’s field of vision soon.

After that, when I think of him, I can only remember that he and Zhu Yilong, who have exploded in recent years, are close friends, and Peng Meimei and Zhu Meili are active in each other’s social platforms.

However, with the online drama "The Soul of the Town", Zhu Yilong made numerous rounds, followed by other works, and soon gained a firm foothold. And "Peng Beauty" is still an invisible man.

In 2020, Zhu Yilong and Liu Shishi’s new drama "Dear Yourself" landed in iQiyi, in which Peng Guanying played love rat, who betrayed his wife. After a long time, Peng Guanying’s acting remained at a certain level, and playing against Adi often made people hate it. I wish he would disappear immediately.

Later, when he lost his way and asked his wife to forgive him, his eyes were tearful, and the audience shouted, so pitiful that I even wanted to forgive him.

Peng Guanying finally became famous.

With the update of "Under the Sun" episode by episode, Feng Xiaosheng’s temperament is also slowly changing, from revenge on Ke Ying at the beginning to hopelessly falling in love with her later, all of which are manifested in the actor’s smiles, which also tests the actor’s acting skills.

But Peng Guanying has performed well from the beginning, and he is bound to play the role well from beginning to end.

Years ago, Peng Guanying’s new play "Backlight Man" started, with Zhang Yujian as his partner, both of whom played the role of police.

The online drama "Backlight" is adapted from the novel "In the Dark" by writer Jin Shichai, which mainly tells the story of undercover policeman Xie Lanshan and portrait expert Shen Liufei fighting criminals together.

Xie Lanshan, played by Peng Guanying, and Shen Liufei, played by Zhang Yujian, met at the police academy. They established a strong affection and vowed to become excellent anti-drug policemen.

Among the posters issued at present, this group of quasi-anti-drug policemen are determined, and they are willing to hide in the dark to protect the light.

Perhaps the audience is still immersed in the vicious villain in Under the Sun, but Peng Guanying has turned over and become a policeman. With his acting skills, he is bound to perform a completely different image from Feng Xiaosheng and look forward to his new works. Wen/Hua Su