Spring Festival travel rush is coming in 2024, and the fuel surcharge will be reduced, which will save the travel cost of passengers. Judging from the current booking situation, where to go data shows that the popular domestic destinations for the Spring Festival in 2024 are Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Harbin, Chengdu, Haikou, Kunming, Sanya and Hangzhou.

Original Lens WeLens

Christmas is only a week away. Who will you spend Christmas with, prepare Christmas gifts and wishes?

A month or two before Christmas every year, a steady stream of letters will pour into 123 Elf Road North Pole, and the recipient is the legendary Santa Claus who will quietly send Christmas gifts to children.

In this letter, children will share their year’s harvest with an old friend they will never meet, and make a wish to post the letter before Christmas, silently expecting that when they wake up on Christmas Day, they can see the long-awaited gift at the bedside.

Of course, this Santa Claus is not real, and letters will not be sent to the North Pole, although many children do believe it. In fact, this is the annual Operation Santa organized by USPS, in order to provide Christmas gifts to families who may not be able to provide more than their basic daily needs.

Children’s Christmas wishes are big or small. Some people want toys, some people want a greeting card, and some people just want a hug, and they don’t forget to tell Santa Claus to wear masks and gloves. ……

??

Want to be happy!

Toys, game consoles and so on are naturally at the forefront of children’s wish list. However, before expressing their wishes, children will also talk about their performance this year.

"I have grown into a good boy this year.

I can count from 1 to 100 and recognize all 26 letters.

I want a cool hot wheels car. "

"I hope you and everyone in the Arctic have had the best year.

I want Lego’s Destiny’s Bounty toy this year.

I have always done well and studied hard at school.

I wish you a safe journey on Christmas Eve. "

"Merry Christmas to you in advance! I know you’re busy,

But I hope you can read this letter.

It was written by my brother and me.

We are all good children, and sometimes we fight.

But we still love each other.

We want to share a Switch together.

I know it will cost a lot of money,

So it’s okay if you don’t get it. "

"I want a real elf friend forever,

He’d better bring a small house with him,

There are beds, toilets, bathtubs, showers and the like.

"Please come and play with me. We can play anything.

If you want to bring me a present, I’ll wear a size 3 dress. "

Some children don’t want gifts, and even want to give gifts to Santa Claus.

"You are the best!

I want to be happy at Christmas! "

"When I wrote this letter to you, I was not very happy.

I hope you can answer a few questions:

1. Am I a vampire?

2. Are you the first person on earth? "

"Please put the gift,

To boys and girls all over the world.

Thank you. "

"I know I didn’t perform particularly well this year.

So it doesn’t matter if my Christmas stockings are empty.

Did someone tell you that you are the best?

I always believed that you were real, and no one else believed you.

They think their parents played you.

……

Please always believe in yourself.

P.S. I want to be the one who gives you a gift, so come on! "

Many children will also put their own paintings on it. Although the level of paintings is uneven, there will be occasional typos, but they are full of sincerity.

????

Please give mom a present, too.

Some children want Santa Claus to give gifts to their mothers or other family members.

"Santa Claus, when you come.

Please give my mother a big hug.

She really needs it. She works too hard. "

"I am writing this letter because I want to do something special for my mother.

Every year, my mother asks me to write down a Christmas wish list.

But we never asked her what she wanted.

My mother likes cooking. She told me that she wanted to go back to school to learn this.

Mom has lost her job, and she has been doing her best.

So if you can, can you give mom a laptop?

So that she can go to school. I really want to achieve this,

She always told me to pursue my dreams,

I also want her to realize her dream. "

"I’m sorry if I misspelled your name,

I want a floating skateboard this Christmas.

But what I want most is my mother.

Work can be smoother, don’t be blamed again.

I think she should be treated well. "

"This year has been too difficult because of the coronavirus.

But I expect to receive some Lego toys.

Because my mother said that she couldn’t give me a present this Christmas,

She hasn’t received her salary for a long time, so she can’t afford anything.

Because she takes care of us, gives us food and works hard.

So I hope she gets something,

Like a Christmas card. "

"I don’t need anything for Christmas,

But my brother needs a new pair of shoes.

His shoes are broken. "

"I wonder if we can make Christmas a day earlier?

Because my father works on Christmas Day,

He is a fireman,

So I’m not at home on Christmas day.

If he can be at home on Christmas day,

We would be very grateful. "

??????

It’s so hard this year ……

This year, everyone has had a hard time, and the children are no exception. So there are also some sad stories in the letter.

"It’s hard this year. I lost my father and grandfather.

My mother is going through a very difficult time.

I hope you can give her some happiness. "

"What I want most this year is that my family can be reunited.

Mom and I are really having a hard time.

Can you help us out?

I hope you can write back to me,

And I want you to know

My family is really important to me. "

What is even more touching is that children still have hope for life.

"Please be careful this year.

You should wear a mask and gloves, because the epidemic remains.

I have some bad news.

My mother and sister died,

My angel dog died, too.

I love her so much!

I lay down next to her and held her until she left.

I shouldn’t be so unhappy in a happy letter.

I remain hopeful and grateful.

You have always given us a lot of support.

My family and I love you very much. Thank you for your efforts. "

"There’s some bad news,

One of my classmates went to heaven because of cancer.

I’m so sad.

But I’m slowly recovering.

Let’s think of something happy _

……

Give everyone a hug, Santa Claus. "

????????

Maybe we don’t need Christmas presents.

There are also many children who say that they don’t want Christmas presents. Because they still have some bigger wishes.

"I don’t think everyone said thank you to you.

You sacrificed your life for the happiness of your children.

That’s amazing. You are really great.

Never forget this.

As for gifts? If I had to choose a gift,

That’s a donation to charity.

Shelters for the homeless, public libraries, anything.

Because what better gift than peace and happiness on earth? "

"This year I want to:

The epidemic is over and the world is at peace.

The climate is under control, and the new X box game machine. "

"P.S., it doesn’t matter if I don’t receive any gifts.

Let’s get everyone fed and clothed before giving gifts. "

I hope you can send toys to the children in the hospital.

And those children who live on the streets. "

"Can you don’t your Christmas present? I just want a card.

I really want a gift,

But I don’t want to be the only one laughing this year.

I hope others can smile,

Like someone who’s homeless.

So please,

What I want this Christmas is

A smile. "

"Dear Santa Claus,

Do you support the LGBTQ group?

If you can talk to God,

Can you tell me that I love him?

Ask him if he still loves me if I’m gay. "

I don’t want anything this Christmas,

But if I may, I also want to ask you a favor:

Please find a cure for Covid-19,

Give it to us and save the world.

Thank you. "

??

Be a "volunteer" for Santa Claus

In fact, this is the 108th year of Operation Santa Claus.

Every year before Christmas, the post office can receive many letters sent to the nonexistent Santa Claus. In 1912, Frank Hitchcock, the postmaster, wanted to do something good for the community, so he suggested opening and answering these letters to Santa Claus.

At first, only the local post office and citizens wrote letters and gave small gifts to the children who wrote letters. Later, some commercial companies and charities joined in, and gradually formed an annual fixed project-"Santa Claus Action".

"The US Postal Service receives thousands of letters to the North Pole every year.

The workload was too heavy, so Santa asked the post office to find some volunteers to help. "

They set a special address for Santa Claus and began to accept letters one or two months before Christmas. Everyone can write to Santa Claus, but the project will especially help families and children in need. Gifts will be sent before the festival to ensure that the writer can receive them before Christmas.

Over the years, the US post office has received hundreds of thousands of letters. In the past two years, activities have begun to expand to more and more cities. More and more "volunteers" of Santa Claus have joined in, and there are some children among the volunteers.

This year, due to the epidemic situation, the post office simply digitized all the letters it received and published them on the official website USPSOperationSanta.com. People can browse these letters at will and "claim" any number of letters they want to reply to, so as to help the children or families who write letters realize their holiday wishes.

Up to now, more than 20 thousand letters have been claimed this year. Many people are moved and encouraged by the contents of the children’s letters and try their best to help them realize their wishes.

Kim Frum, a spokesman for Santa Claus, said, "This year, more families may be affected financially and emotionally. If you can provide even the slightest help or a spark of happiness to those in need, it means the whole world to them. "

After sending gifts, Santa’s "volunteers" will also receive special commemorative cards.

Indeed, everyone has had a hard time this year. But when I saw the little wishes and great expectations of the children in their letters to Santa Claus, I found that they were still naive and hopeful after this special year.

And this kind of mutual help and persistence in the face of crisis is probably the real meaning of Christmas.

Perhaps, this Christmas, we can not only be the one waiting for gifts, but also help some people in need to realize their Christmas wishes.

Main reference materials:

The United States Postal Service and the Spirit of Santa

www.uspsoperationsanta.com

Original title: "A group of children’s Christmas wishes, which is very touching."

　　Figure 1: Aken Suwell, Chairman of Marmara Strategic and Social Research Foundation in Turkey.

Figure ②: Wu Wending, editor-in-chief of North Star magazine in Myanmar.

Fig. 3: awad, deputy editor-in-chief and expert on international issues.

Figure ④: Bubacar Seyni Gagaha, Deputy Secretary of Propaganda of the Socialist Party of Niger.

Information picture

　　Montenegro North-South Expressway Project undertaken by China enterprises. image china

　　From reform and opening up to overall poverty alleviation, from building the Community of Shared Future for Mankind concept to building a "the belt and road initiative", under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), China not only strode forward on the journey of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, but also continuously contributed China wisdom and China plan to world peace, stability and development, which won universal recognition from international people.

　　Wu Wending, editor-in-chief of North Star magazine in Myanmar — —

　　Based on the long-term, promote the continuous development of China.

　　Our reporter Li Bingxin Zhou Zhuobin

　　"I have been to many places in China, and I personally realized that the Communist Party of China (CPC) kept in mind the iron oath. I saw with my own eyes that the Communist Party of China (CPC) would not let a minority brother fall behind and always let the people of the whole country get rid of poverty and get rich together." Wu Wending, editor-in-chief of North Star magazine in Myanmar, has been paying close attention to the development of China. He said, "The deeper you know about China, the more you admire the Communist Party of China (CPC). I deeply feel that we and the people of China are a community of destiny. "

　　Wu Wending knows a lot about China’s development achievements. He has been paying close attention to the Communist Party of China (CPC) news for a long time and kept close communication with his counterparts in China media. In recent years, he has reported on the high-level dialogue between the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the world’s political parties, and has come to China for many times to participate in the "the belt and road initiative" media cooperation forum and the Lancang River — Media exchange activities such as Mekong River Cooperation Media Summit. In 2017, at the invitation of the International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee and People’s Daily, Wu Wending participated in the "Asian Mainstream Media Investigation Group" and went to Beijing and Gansu for interviews and exchanges. What I saw and heard in China gave Wu Wending a deep understanding of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s ruling philosophy. In Wu Wending’s view, it is under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) that great changes have taken place in China from poverty and weakness in the past to prosperity and strength now.

　　During the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Wu Wending came to China and made a lot of reports on many topics, such as ecological environment protection, grassroots pension, coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and media integration development. After visiting the large-scale achievement exhibition of "Five Years of Hard Work", Wu Wending expressed sincere admiration for the brilliant achievements made by the Communist Party of China (CPC) in leading the people of China, and wrote a poem entitled "Red Star Shining in China" to express his admiration for the Communist Party of China (CPC). “‘ The Communist Party of China (CPC) comes from the people, lives for the people and prospers for the people ’ ‘ The Communist Party of China (CPC) is a party that strives for happiness for the people of China, and it is also a party that strives for the cause of human progress ’ I think that the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s feelings for the people are well reflected in these words. " He said.

　　“中国共产党不仅把为人民谋幸福作为自己的头等大事，还积极倡导世界和平与发展。”吴温丁表示，新冠肺炎疫情防控期间，人们愈发意识到，人类社会是休戚与共的命运共同体，重大传染性疾病防控和全球公共卫生应急管理需要凝聚全人类的智慧和力量。“习近平主席提出的构建人类命运共同体理念具有重大世界意义。共建‘一带一路’是中国与沿线国家和地区分享发展机遇的实践，是构建人类命运共同体的重要举措，让世界人民看到了改善生活的希望。”吴温丁表示，“有些国家的政客只考虑下一次选举，而有远见卓识的政治家考虑的是下一代人。中国共产党的领导集体由有远见卓识的政治家组成，总是为下一代人考虑，做长远打算，推动中国不断向前发展。”

　　Aken Suwell, Chairman of Marmara Strategic and Social Research Foundation in Turkey — —

　　Benign interaction makes China society full of vitality.

　　Our reporter Wang Chuanbao

　　"The secret of China’s rapid growth into the world’s second largest economy lies in the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s strong leadership." Aken Suwell, Chairman of the Turkish Marmara Foundation for Strategic and Social Research, pointed out in an interview with this reporter that China, with a population of more than 1.4 billion, cannot move towards development and prosperity without effective policies and development roadmap formulated by the Communist Party of China (CPC).

　　Suwell has been engaged in journalism for more than 20 years and interviewed leaders of many countries. He is a well-known current affairs critic in Turkey. In 1998, Sewell became the chairman of the Marmara Foundation for Strategic and Social Studies and founded the Eurasian Economic Summit, aiming at establishing a dialogue mechanism and promoting regional dispute settlement and peaceful development.

　　Su Wei’s unique life experience gave him a profound understanding of human development. He believed that the Communist Party of China (CPC) had distinct principles and characteristics, always adhered to the people-oriented development concept, and made unremitting efforts to promote equality of rights, opportunities and rules, which won wide support from the people. The people believe in the Party, and the Party takes the people as the center. The benign interaction makes China society full of vitality.

　　In 2013, China put forward the initiative of building a "the belt and road initiative" by coordinating the overall situation at home and abroad and focusing on the future of human development. This initiative follows the principle of co-construction, co-construction and sharing, and is strongly recognized by Sowell. He said, "the belt and road initiative" is an important peace project, which closely links the east and west ends of Asia, promotes economic cooperation and cultural integration, and lays a new foundation for human civilization and progress. "Build ‘ The belt and road initiative ’ It is not only the need to develop the economy and achieve a win-win situation, but also the requirement of the times and peace. " In order to deeply understand and study how to build a "the belt and road initiative", Sowell visited China for more than 10 times, exchanged ideas with China scholars, and introduced them to people from all walks of life after returning home. In the opening speech of the 22nd Eurasian Economic Summit held in 2019, Sowell repeatedly mentioned the joint construction of "the belt and road initiative", and this initiative became one of the important topics of the summit.

　　Sowell said that last year, in the face of the sudden COVID-19 epidemic, the China government quickly took effective measures to control the spread of the epidemic, and became the only major economy in the world that achieved positive economic growth, fully demonstrating its institutional advantages. Sowell told reporters that he and his wife were vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine from China. He said with emotion: "In this fight against the COVID-19 epidemic, the government and people of China not only fought for their own country, but also provided a lot of support and help to other countries in the world, such as vaccines, medicines and equipment from COVID-19. China’s concept of building Community of Shared Future for Mankind is becoming an ideological driving force to encourage countries to work together to deal with the epidemic. "

　　Sewell pointed out that it is a great historical achievement for a political party to last for a hundred years. As a century-old party, the Communist Party of China (CPC) is full of infinite vitality. I believe that with its unremitting efforts, China will make new contributions to the development of human civilization.

　　Awad, Deputy Editor-in-Chief of Sudan’s Shout and an expert on international issues — —

　　An active and promising member of the international community.

　　Our reporter Shang Kaiyuan

　　“中国共产党的历史，是一部为实现目标宗旨而不懈奋斗的壮丽史诗，每一个篇章都值得认真研读。”苏丹《呐喊报》副主编、国际问题专家阿瓦德表示，中国共产党在漫长岁月中取得的成就，与其领导人的品质和能力牢不可分，同党与各族人民的血肉联系密切相关。

　　阿瓦德认为，正是因为把命运牢牢掌握在自己手中，中国实现了理想目标，发展成为世界第二大经济体。中国共产党把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实践相结合，走出了一条中国特色社会主义发展道路。“在当代，习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想是这一道路的最新成果，充分说明中国共产党和中国人民在实践、经验、思想等方面持续不断发展。”

　　作为执政党，中国共产党采取切实有效的政策，鼓励人民群众开展创新活动，激发全社会的创新能力，为产业发展打开了广阔天地，在许多重要领域实现巨大飞跃。“发挥制度优势使中国科技快速发展，通过在战略性、基础性、前瞻性领域增加投入，中国提高了科研能力，并取得了一系列创新成果。”阿瓦德认为，中国对全球经济增长贡献巨大，在清洁能源、科技创新等领域的发展令人称赞。“我相信，中国人民将在中国共产党的领导下，信心百倍地贯彻执行党和国家的发展规划，实现中国梦。”

　　Awad visited China for the first time in 2016 and participated in the first Asian-African Youth Festival. This experience provided him with an opportunity to get to know China on the spot. "The people of China have many advantages, such as seriousness and perseverance." Since then, he has visited China many times to participate in exchange activities, and his understanding of China is getting deeper and deeper. In awad’s view, the people of China are eager to know the world and hope to build a bridge of cooperation. the Communist Party of China (CPC) has also carried out constructive exchanges with political parties of various countries to promote cooperation and mutual trust between countries. "the Communist Party of China (CPC) is the largest political party in the world, and many political parties want to know their practical experience accumulated on the road to realizing the great rejuvenation of the nation." Awad said.

　　Awad was deeply touched by China’s efforts to strengthen cooperation among countries in the world. China proposed to build a "the belt and road initiative" to promote policy communication, facilities connectivity, smooth trade, financial intermediation and popular support among countries. He said: "China is committed to pursuing common interests, realizing the common well-being of people of all countries and building a better world."

　　During the epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19, China launched an initiative of uniting against the epidemic to the world, helping other countries to fight the epidemic with practical actions. Awad said: "This highlights that China is an active member of the international community and has a great influence on the just cause of the international community." At present, global economic recovery requires countries, especially major economies, to strengthen cooperation, and awad expects China to play a greater role in it.

　　Bubacar Seyni Gagaha, Deputy Secretary of Propaganda of Niger People’s Socialist Party — —

　　Not only maintain historical continuity, but also keep pace with the times.

　　Our reporter Qiang Wei

　　Bubacar Seyni Gagaha is the Deputy Secretary of Propaganda of the Niger ruling Party for Democracy and Socialism (PDPS) and the Director of the Archives Department of the Ministry of National Defense. In an interview with reporters recently, he said that he sincerely admired the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s century-long development. "Especially during the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic, the world saw more clearly the institutional advantages of China under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and the People’s Socialist Party also regarded the Communist Party of China (CPC) as a role model for political parties."

　　In July 2017, at the invitation of the International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee, Gagaha led a youth delegation of the People’s Socialist Party to visit China and visit Beijing, Shanghai, Ningbo, Chengdu and other cities. Before the visit, the members of the delegation knew little about China, especially the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s ruling style. "Through this visit, we found that under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the socialist democracy promoted by China is the most extensive, authentic and effective democracy. In China, the equal rights of the people are effectively guaranteed, and people of all ethnic groups are represented in the national legislature, and their legitimate rights and interests in all aspects can be safeguarded. " Gagaha said that another feature of China’s socialist democracy is the multi-party cooperation and political consultation system led by the Communist Party of China (CPC). "This system unites all forces to the greatest extent and breaks down obstacles for the sustainable development of China."

　　这次访问给加加哈和全团成员留下了极为深刻的印象。“从回国那天起，我就一直想再次回到中国。每次别人问起我放长假希望去哪里，我的回答都是中国。中国有太多我想要进一步了解和学习的地方。”

　　带着这样的想法，加加哈阅读了《习近平谈治国理政》《摆脱贫困》等书籍，经常浏览中国新闻媒体的法文版。加加哈说，通过不断增进对中国共产党的了解，他发现中国共产党具有许多显著特点。“第一，中国共产党提出的理论以实践作为支撑。只有这样的理论才能真正指导中国的建设实践，在此基础上制定的各项政策才符合中国实际需要。第二，中国共产党既保持了历史延续性，又做到与时俱进，领导人的治国理念一脉相承、不断发展。第三，中国共产党有严密的组织纪律以及坚定的理想信念，这保证了其长期有效运转，并始终明确执政目标。最后也是最重要的一点，中国共产党能够始终保持与人民群众的血肉联系。”加加哈指出，这些理论和实践经验对发展中国家政党加强自身建设很有帮助。

　　In the interview, Gagaha told a story around him: "I chatted with a stranger while drinking tea at a street tea stall the other day. He told me that we should thank China. It is because of China that we can now have motorcycles running all over the street, watch TV and listen to radios that can be bought for one or two thousand CFA francs (about one hundred and twenty yuan). " Gagaha said: "This shows the influence of China on the development of Niger and Africa. The process of global industrialization has already started, but ordinary people in African countries have really begun to enjoy industrialized products more generally, which is inseparable from the role and influence of China’s rapid development in recent decades. "

　　"The People’s Socialist Party has always regarded the Communist Party of China (CPC) as a rare true partner. We know that China and the Communist Party of China (CPC) really care about African countries and are really willing to help us develop. " Gagaha said with emotion.

　　Layout design: Shen Yiling

　　The 44th World Heritage Conference opened at 19: 00 on the 16th in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China. Affected by the global COVID-19 epidemic, the conference was held online in Fuzhou.

　　 What is World Heritage?

　　Up to now, the total number of cultural relics and natural landscapes selected for the World Heritage List has reached 1,121.China has 55 world heritages, ranking first with Italy.What exactly is a "world heritage"? What conditions do you need to be selected for the World Heritage List?

　　World Heritage refers to the rare and irreplaceable wealth recognized by UNESCO and the World Heritage Committee, and is a cultural relic and natural landscape with outstanding significance and universal value recognized by all mankind.

　　△ In 1987, China’s Great Wall and Mount Tai were listed in the World Heritage List for the first time.

　　World heritage includes three categories: world cultural heritage (including cultural landscape), world natural heritage and dual heritage of world culture and nature. In 1972, UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, which established a permanent and effective system based on modern scientific methods for the joint protection of cultural and natural heritage with outstanding universal value, and established the World Heritage List in 1976. China formally joined the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage on December 12, 1985. In 1987, six world heritages, including the Great Wall and Mount Tai, were included in the World Heritage List for the first time.

　　△ In July 2019, "Liangzhu Ancient City Site" became the 55th World Heritage Site in China.

　　At present, 55 world heritages in China have been selected into the World Heritage List. What conditions do you need to meet to stand out? First of all, it must have outstanding universal value in the world. For this reason, the Convention Operation Guide gives 10 standards of world heritage, including six standards for "cultural heritage" including artistic value, architectural achievement and cultural inheritance, and four standards for "natural heritage" including nature and species diversity and natural scenery. If the projects declared by various countries meet any of these standards, it is possible to enter the World Heritage List.

　　The World Heritage List makes the world pay more attention to the protection of cultural and natural heritage. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has successively promulgated more than 70 local laws and regulations, which together constitute the legal protection system of world cultural heritage. For example, when tourists visit cultural relics and historic sites, they will face legal accountability for scribbling.

　　 News Link Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage: Protecting Cultural Diversity

　　On the basis of the classification, protection and utilization of cultural heritage and natural heritage in the World Heritage List, on October 17, 2003, UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage, and the protection of intangible cultural heritage has also received extensive participation from all over the world. At present, there are 42 intangible cultural heritage projects in China, ranking first in the world. China has established a four-level directory system at the national, provincial, municipal and county levels, and more than 100,000 representative items of intangible cultural heritage have been identified, and a large number of precious, endangered and valuable intangible cultural heritage have been effectively protected. (CCTV reporter Ma Li)

　　The War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, which took place in the early 1950s, was a just war for China people to defend peace and resist aggression. In this war, New China and the United States were the main rivals, and they had a comprehensive contest in military, political, economic and diplomatic fields. The people of China won victory and dignity in the face of serious difficulties in all aspects at the beginning of the founding of New China. Looking back at history, we can get inspiration from it and gain the strength to move forward.

　　Stick to the bottom line and dare to fight

　　On the morning of June 25th, 1950, the long-term small-scale armed conflict and friction changed qualitatively on the 38th parallel in the north-south center of the Korean Peninsula, and a large-scale civil war broke out in Korea.

　　The U.S. authorities openly violated the UN Charter’s stipulation that "no intervention is allowed in matters that are essentially within the internal jurisdiction of any country" and immediately sent armed forces to intervene in the Korean civil war. In the absence of new China and the Soviet Union, it manipulated the United Nations Security Council to pass an illegal resolution to form the "United Nations forces" invading the DPRK. At the same time, naval forces were sent to invade the Taiwan Province Strait. At this point, the new China was founded less than a year ago.

　　At the beginning of October, 1950, American troops crossed the 38th parallel and advanced rapidly to the border between China and North Korea, which seriously threatened China’s security.

　　According to the request of the Workers’ Party of Korea and the Korean government and the wishes of the Korean people, the CPC Central Committee and Mao Zedong were far-sighted, scientifically analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of participating in the war, and resolutely made a major strategic decision to resist US aggression and aid Korea and defend the country. On October 8th, Mao Zedong issued an order in the name of the Chairman of the People’s Revolutionary Military Commission of China, "trying to change the northeast border guards to Chinese people’s Volunteer Army, and immediately dispatched them to North Korea, cooperating with the Korean comrades to fight against the aggressors and strive for a glorious victory". Mao Zedong stressed: "In short, we believe that we should participate in the war, and we must participate in the war. The benefits of participating in the war are great, and the damage of not participating in the war is great."

　　When the United States was at its peak, the people of China dared to meet its challenges. This fearless heroism and courage was unique in the world where the phobia of America was prevalent at that time. Facts have proved that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s decision to send troops is completely correct, which embodies the China people’s will and determination to fight without fear of violence.

　　Flexible and mobile to meet the weakness

　　On October 19th, 1950, Chinese people’s Volunteer Army, led by Peng Dehuai, commander and political commissar, crossed the Yalu River from Dandong, Changdian Estuary and Ji ‘an respectively, and marched into the territory of North China, starting the great war to resist US aggression and aid Korea.

　　Faced with the extreme disparity in equipment between the enemy and ourselves and the situation after the US troops crossed the 38th parallel, Mao Zedong and Peng Dehuai made a study on October 13th and 14th before the volunteers were dispatched, and decided that after the volunteers entered the DPRK, they would fight the defensive war first and then the counterattack. However, after the volunteers began to enter the DPRK on October 19, the situation on the Korean battlefield has undergone major changes.

　　▲ Profile photo: After Chinese people’s Volunteer Army entered the DPRK, Chairman Mao and Peng Dehuai, commander of the Volunteers, exchanged telegrams for many times to analyze the situation. According to the major changes in the battlefield situation in Korea, they decided to change the original plan and annihilate the enemy by means of mobile warfare. The picture shows Peng Dehuai (first from left) presiding over a combat meeting on the Korean front.

　　The direction of war changes according to the situation. Mao Zedong and Peng Dehuai exchanged telegrams for many times to analyze the situation, and decided to change the original campaign plan and annihilate the enemy by means of mobile warfare, "striving for all possible victories on the basis of stability and reliability". At the same time, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the headquarters of the Volunteers judged that the "United Nations Army" headed by the US military was unaware of the dispatch of the Volunteers. MacArthur didn’t take China seriously and didn’t believe that China really dared to resist. He deployed a "triumphant offensive before Christmas" and asserted that "let the troops go home before Christmas." Mao Zedong said at that time that the more arrogant, conceited and ambitious MacArthur was, the better it would be for us.

　　Subsequently, the volunteers quickly grasped the characteristics of the battlefield, promptly seized the enemy’s misjudgment and weaknesses that did not adapt to our army’s night fighting, melee and encirclement and circuitous operations, and quickly concentrated superior forces in local areas, marching and fighting for 13 days and nights in a row, and repelled the crazy attacking enemy from the Yalu River to the south of the Qingchuan River, killing more than 15,000 people. Volunteers crushed MacArthur’s arrogant attempt to occupy all Korea and end the Korean War on Thanksgiving Day, and won the first battle.

　　Flexible strategy and tactics are the magic weapon for our army to win and the powerful weapon for China people to defeat the world’s number one military power with inferior equipment in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. History has proved that to compete with a strong enemy, we must avoid its sharp edge, attack its soft spot, change according to the situation, make full use of our strength, give full play to our strengths, and strike and consume the enemy with the local advantages of rapid gathering until victory is achieved.

　　Active layout to reverse the war situation

　　The victory of the first battle of the volunteers into the DPRK did not greatly change the whole battlefield situation, and the volunteers still did not gain a foothold in the DPRK. The "United Nations Army" led by the US military has not been hit hard to the point of passive defense, and will launch a large-scale attack on the volunteers at any time.

　　On November 4, 1950, Mao Zedong and Peng Dehuai were in the rear and in the front, at the same time, they realized that the United States might carry out a powerful counterattack and telephoned each other to discuss their coping strategies. The battle plan studied by Peng Dehuai and the leaders of the headquarters of the Volunteers shows that the Volunteers are prepared to take the initiative to lay out the battlefield, withdraw the main force to the familiar areas after the first battle to rest and build a counterattack position, lure the enemy into depth and ambush and panic in the air. This strategic consideration is the development of Mao Zedong’s thought of establishing a defense line in the south of Tokugawa and Ningyuan highway lines before the volunteers entered the DPRK, with the aim of fundamentally reversing the Korean war situation and mastering the strategic initiative.

　　After the US military occupied Pyongyang, the United States was immersed in the joy that the Korean War was about to "win". At this time, "Americans can only listen to the sound of victory." When the "United Nations Army" was suddenly and quickly attacked by the volunteers in the first battle, they were unwilling to admit the fact that the volunteers participated in the war, thinking that the Koreans who appeared in North China were probably sporadic volunteers.

　　After several discussions, the US military and political authorities made the wrong decision to occupy the whole of China by force, even though they were not sure about the intention of the Volunteers to participate in the war. Bradley, chairman of the American Chiefs of Staff, later said in his memoirs: On the important days from November 2 to 9, "we looked through the materials and sat down to think carefully, but unfortunately we made ridiculous conclusions and decisions." On November 24th, MacArthur ordered a "general offensive" and publicly announced his general offensive plan to the press, saying that the goal of military occupation of all Korea could be achieved immediately. However, what he didn’t expect was that the volunteers had quietly surrounded his troops.

　　On the evening of November 25th, the volunteers on the western front suddenly launched a counterattack against the enemy. At first, they aimed at the weak links of the Eighth Army of the United States, concentrated their efforts to encircle and annihilate the two divisions of the Second Army of South Korea, which had weak fighting capacity in attacking the right wing, and opened the battle gap. Then, they concentrated the 38th Army and the 42nd Army, and made a detour to the rear of the Eighth Army of the United States, cutting off the retreat of the Ninth Army of the United States from the south, and surrounded its main force on three sides by the Qingchuan River centered on Guichuan and Junyuli. MacArthur couldn’t figure out where so many volunteer troops came from, and the "United Nations Army" he played was confused, which made his plan to annihilate the volunteers and hit the Yalu River burst in an instant, and turned to anxiously command the troops to escape from the encirclement of the volunteers.

　　The second campaign completely shattered MacArthur’s "last" offensive to end the Korean War and return to China at Christmas, repelled the frenzied enemy to the south of the 38th parallel, recovered Pyongyang and annihilated more than 36,000 enemies. Bradley wrote in his memoirs: From October 31 to the end of December, "these 60 days are the most severe test moment of my professional military career … … The Korean War unexpectedly changed from victory to humiliating defeat — — The most shameful failure in the history of our army. " MacArthur determined that "the attack must be transferred to the defense".

　　The failure of the "United Nations Army" is fundamentally the failure of the decision-making of the military and political authorities in the United States. It is that they regard their national strength and military power as powerful and blindly use force to subdue bring disgrace to oneself in China. The key to victory is that the people of China can turn the tide of the war, not be afraid of powerful enemies, take the initiative to set up the battlefield in the theater they are familiar with, confuse the enemy with superb strategies and tactics, and lure the enemy into our preset grand strategy of encirclement and suppression of the battlefield. History has proved that we can’t deal with a strong enemy passively. On the basis of in-depth study and grasping the characteristics and laws of the enemy and ourselves, we must take the initiative to set up a game, "invite you to the urn" and gather the best to annihilate the enemy.

　　Despise arrogance to promote talk.

　　By June 1951, after five battles, the battlefield forces of the enemy and ourselves had tended to be balanced, and the front was stable in the north and south of the 38th parallel, resulting in a stalemate in the war.

　　The American military and political authorities found that by May 1951, the United States had paid more than 100,000 casualties and more than 10 billion dollars in direct war expenses for this war, but it was a very difficult situation. In order to ease the contradictions between the United States and its allies and safeguard the key interests of the United States — — In the interest of Europe, on May 16th, the National Security Council of the United States met and adopted a policy memorandum on North Korea, which determined that the ultimate goal of the United States in North Korea was to establish a favorable defense line in the 38th parallel and seek to conclude an armistice agreement.

　　The CPC Central Committee and Mao Zedong decided to implement the policy of talking while playing, and to carry out political struggle and military struggle simultaneously. On the one hand, they were prepared to hold negotiations with the United States to strive for a truce and withdrawal with the 38th parallel as the boundary; On the other hand, they have no illusions about the success of the negotiations. They must make long-term and lasting military plans and smash any attack by the "United Nations Army" with resolute military strikes to cooperate with the smooth progress of the armistice negotiations.

　　On August 18th, the "United Nations Army" started an air offensive and a ground offensive against me to cooperate with the negotiations on the military demarcation line. In the summer and autumn defense campaign in 1951, the Volunteers and the Korean People’s Army killed and wounded more than 157,000 prisoners of the "United Nations Army", and the Volunteers suffered more than 33,000 casualties. The "United Nations Army" only occupied 646 square kilometers of land at the cost of heavy casualties, far from achieving the goal of demanding that the volunteers and the Korean People’s Army withdraw from 12,000 square kilometers during the negotiations. Therefore, the "United Nations Army" had to return to the negotiating table for negotiations.

　　On November 23, after the DPRK-China representative put forward the plan of military demarcation line, the two sides reached an agreement based on the DPRK-China plan to "take the existing actual contact line of both sides as the military demarcation line, and each side retreated 2 kilometers to establish the demilitarized zone during the military armistice". On October 8, 1952, the United States unilaterally announced that the armistice negotiations would be adjourned indefinitely.

　　At the end of 1952, after dwight eisenhower was elected president of the United States, the American authorities were planning a large-scale military adventure. In order to prevent the "United Nations Army" from landing in the north of Korea, the Volunteers and the Korean People’s Army made large-scale anti-landing preparations. On the frontal front of the east and west coasts of Korea, they dug 8090 tunnels and 720 kilometers, dug trenches and traffic trenches for 3100 kilometers, and built anti-airborne and anti-tank positions, completely changing the fragile situation of the fortifications on the east and west coasts of Korea. It urged the American authorities and the "United Nations Army" to abandon the attempt of large-scale landing adventure and resume the armistice negotiations unilaterally interrupted for half a year on April 26, 1953.

　　On June 8, the chief representatives of the two sides formally signed an agreement on the repatriation of prisoners of war. By June 18th, all the preparations before the armistice had been completed. However, on the 18th, the South Korean Li Chengwan Group forcibly detained the captured Korean People’s Army personnel in the name of "on-the-spot release", thus undermining the armistice agreement and arousing strong international repercussions.

　　On June 20th, the DPRK-China delegation called for an adjournment of the talks to protest against Li Chengwan’s sabotage. At the same time, from June 24th to July 27th, the Volunteer Army and the Korean People’s Army launched an attack on the front 25km position defended by the South Korean Army, killing more than 78,000 people and recovering 192.6km2 of positions, severely punishing the Li Chengwan Group and deepening the internal contradictions in the United States. Next, Eisenhower put pressure on Li Chengwan, and mark clark, the third commander-in-chief of the United Nations Army, gave up. On July 27th and 28th, 1953, Clark, Kim Il Sung and Peng Dehuai signed the armistice agreement in Wenshan, Pyongyang and Kaesong, and the Korean armistice was realized. At this point, the armistice negotiations that lasted for two years and one month came to an end, and the China People’s War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea that lasted for two years and nine months ended successfully.

　　Clark wrote in his memoirs: "I became the first commander of the U.S. Army who signed an unsuccessful armistice treaty in history, and I felt disappointed and painful. I think my predecessors, General MacArthur and General Li Qiwei, must feel the same way. "

　　What you can’t get on the battlefield, you can’t get at the negotiating table. Talking while fighting makes the United States feel that the war will only bring more losses to itself if it drags on. They had to formally sign a military armistice agreement with the DPRK in Panmunjom.History has proved that we can’t get any luck in fighting a strong enemy, and we must abandon our illusions in order to force the enemy to go to peace talks with unbearable losses.(The author is the political assistant of the Evaluation and Demonstration Research Center of the Academy of Military Sciences)